WAN

Question 1

Dedicated Leased Line

Answer 1

▪ Logical connection that connects two sites through a service provider’s facility or telephone company’s central office
▪ More expensive than other WAN technologies because a customer doesn’t share bandwidth with other customers

Question 2

Circut-Switched Conncetion

Answer 2

▪ Connection is brought up only when needed, like making a phone call
▪ On-demand bandwidth can provide cost savings for customers who only need periodic connectivity to a remote site

Question 3

Packet-Switched Connection

Answer 3

▪ Always on like a dedicated leased line, but multiple customers share the bandwidth
▪SLAs used to guarantee a certain quality (5mbps at least 80% of the time) Virtual circuits are represented as dashed lines

Question 4

RG-6

Answer 4

Coaxial cable

Question 5

BPL

Answer 5

Broadband over Power Line

2.7 Mbps

Question 6

HSPA+

Answer 6

Evolved High-Speed Packet Access
Wireless broadband
84 Mbps
Advancement over LTE and 4G

Question 7

WiMax

Answer 7

Worldwide Interoperability for MIcrowave Access

Alternateive to DLS/Cell
Wireless fixed location service

Question 8

DS0

Answer 8

Digital Signal 0
64 kbps channels
can be combined

Question 9

T1

Answer 9

24 Channels

~1.5 Mbps

Question 10

T3

Answer 10

672 Channels

~45 Mbps

Question 11

E1

Answer 11

2.0 Mbps

Question 12

Metro Ethernet

Answer 12

▪ Service providers are beginning to offer Ethernet interfaces to their customers
▪ Less expensive and more common than specialized serial ports used in a CSU/DSU
▪ Technology used by service provider is hidden from customer and they only need to connect their network’s router to a Smart Jack

Question 13

PPP

Answer 13

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

▪ Commonly used Layer 2 protocol on dedicated leased lines to simultaneously transmits multiple Layer 3 protocols (IP, IPX)

Question 14

PAP

Answer 14

Password Authentication Protocol

PPP Authentication
▪ Performs one-way authentication between client and server
▪ Credentials sent in clear-text

Question 15

CHAP

Answer 15

Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
CHAP

● Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol

● Performs one-way authentication using a three-way handshake

● Credentials are hashed before transmission

Question 16

PPPoE

Answer 16

PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)

▪ Commonly used with DSL modems
▪ PPPoE encapsulates PPP frames within Ethernet frames ▪ Allows for authentication over Ethernet

Question 17

DSL

Answer 17

Digital Subscriber Line

Question 18

ADSL

Answer 18

Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)

● Maximum distance to DSLAM: 18,000 feet

● Voice and Data on same line

● Downstream: Up to 8 Mbps

● Upstream: Up to 1.544 Mbps

Question 19

SDSL

Answer 19

Symmetric DSL (SDSL)

● Maximum distance to DSLAM: 12,000 feet

● No simultaneous voice and data on same line

● Downstream: 1.168 Mbps

● Upstream: 1.168 Mbps

Question 20

VDSL

Answer 20

Very High Bit-Rate DSL (VDSL)

● Maximum distance to DSLAM: 4,000 feet

● Downstream: Up to 52 Mbps

● Upstream: Up to 12 Mbps

Question 21

HFC

Answer 21

Hybrid Fiber-Coax

Cable Modem
distribution network is a cable television infrastructure containing both coaxial and fiber-optic cabling

Question 22

DOCSIS

Answer 22

Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications

Cable Modem

Question 23

POTS

Answer 23

Plain Old Telephone Service

Public switched telephone network (PSTN) consists of telephone carriers from around the world

Question 24

PSTN

Answer 24

Public Switched Telephone Network

Public switched telephone network (PSTN) consists of telephone carriers from around the world

Question 25

ISDN

Answer 25

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) ▪ Supports multiple 64-kbps B (Bearer) channels ▪ Older technology designed to carry voice, video, or data over B channels ▪ D channel (data or delta channel) existed for 64-kbps signaling data ▪ Circuits classified as a basic rate interface (BRI) or primary rate interface (PRI): ● BRI: Offers a two 64-kbps B-channels with a 16kbps D-channel ● PRI: Offers a 1.472-Mbps data path over 23 B-channels and a 64kbps D-channel

Question 26

Frame Relay

Answer 26

Losing market share due to cable and DSL ● Frame Relay sites connected to virtual circuits (VC) ● VCs are point-to-point or point-to-multipoint ● Low cost and widely available ● Always-on or on-demand ● Layer 2 technology Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)

Question 27

SONET

Answer 27

Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) ▪ Layer 1 technology using fiber as media ▪ Transports Layer 2 encapsulation (like ATM) ▪ High data rates (155 Mbps to 10 Gbps) ▪ Covers large distances (20 km to 250 km) ▪ Physical topology can be a bus or ring

Question 28

ATM

Answer 28

``` Asynchronous Transfer Mode FIBER AND SONET Rides on top of SONET Uses fixed-length CELLS as its PDU 53 Bite cell so makes it faster to move around ```

Question 29

MPLS

Answer 29

Multiprotocol Label Switching Used by service providers Supports multiple protocols on same network Can use both ATM and Frame Relay

Question 30

DMVPN

Answer 30

Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network ▪ Allow Internet to be used as WAN connection for secure site-to-site communication ▪ VPN tunnel has authentication and encryption so users on the unsecure network cannot read or decrypt the traffic without proper keys ▪ Can connect remote locations with low cost, instead of dedicated or leased-line access

Question 31

OC

Answer 31

Optical Carrier OC-1 ~51 Mbps rest are multiples OC-3~155 Mbps How ATM and SONET measure data rates ATM and SONET