Ethical and Legal

Question 1

Ethics Acronym

Answer 1

● E - Evaluate the Facts
● T - Think about the conflict presented
● H - How many principles apply?
● I - Identify applicable codes and code sections
● C - Compare different options
● S - Select the best option under the circumstances

Question 2

Ethics: The philosophical inquiry of the _________
dimensions of human conduct.

Answer 2

moral

Question 3

Ethics is often used synonymously with the term _________ to
describe an action or decision as good or right.

Answer 3

moral

Question 4

Ethical deliberations may be differentiated from
other endeavors by 3 characteristics:

Answer 4

ultimate or fundamental, The issue is universal, deliberation considers the welfare of all
involved

Question 5

a process in which everyone
is concerned by that decision.

Answer 5

Deliberation

Question 6

obliged to give
reasons for the point of view of our patients.

Answer 6

Ethical Deliberation

Question 7

LEVELS OF ETHICAL JUDGMENT IN THE
HEALTHCARE SETTING

Answer 7

Micro, Meso, Macro

Question 8

level of ethical judgement: Decisions made in an individual
professional-patient level of healthcare

Answer 8

Micro level

Question 9

level of ethical judgement: institutional/organizational level or at
community/regional levels

Answer 9

Meso level

Question 10

level of ethical judgement: sets policy for the health system, as a
standard established for an entire profession,
or through government as law/regulation for
the society as a whole.

Answer 10

Macro level

Question 11

rules of conduct imposed by society on its
members

Answer 11

Law

Question 12

rules of conduct or standards by which a
particular group in society regulates its actions
and sets standards for its members

Answer 12

Professional ethics

Question 13

During ethical dilemmas, the heatlh professional should be able to:

Answer 13

(1) identify, (2) interpret, (3) specify, and (4)
balance

Question 14

determine and justify what a professional
should consider as the right decision or the
best course of action for each specific ethical
situation.

Answer 14

ethical deliberation

Question 15

used to justify a particular judgment

Answer 15

Action guides

Question 16

Action guides can be

Answer 16

Ethical Theory,
Principles, Rules, Particular set of rules

Question 17

Breaks down the complex problem into
manageable steps. Instead of focusing on the
problem we are focusing on the action (plans,
procedures) that is needed to be done to help
resolve the conflict or dilemma

Answer 17

Action guides

Question 18

Action Guides

Answer 18

Ethical theory -> Principles -> Rules -> Particular judgement

Question 19

4 principles of healthcare ethics

Answer 19

Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence, Justice

Question 20

Respect a person’s freedom to choose what’s right for them

Answer 20

autonomy

Question 21

All choices. for a patient are made with intent to do good

Answer 21

beneficence

Question 22

Do no harm

Answer 22

non maleficence

Question 23

Treat and provide care fairly to all patients

Answer 23

Justice

Question 24

aims to improve patient
welfare by allowing our patient to be in full
command in their treatment and care

Answer 24

autonomy

Question 25

You need to show kindness and mercy to your patients

Answer 25

Beneficence

Question 26

Most commonly prioritized principle

Answer 26

Non-maleficence

Question 27

We need to be fair, in all medical decisions

Answer 27

Justice

Question 28

To justify judgment as to not tell others about a patient’s condition. covered by the rule of ______ and guided by the princple of

Answer 28

confidentiality; respect for autonomy

Question 29

ETHICAL THEORIES

Answer 29

Consequentialist theory, Deontological theory

Question 30

This theory determines if actions or decisions are morally right or wrong based on their consequences.

Answer 30

Consequentialist theory

Question 31

cardinal principles of consequentialist theory:

Answer 31

beneficence and nonmaleficence

Question 32

if telling a lie would help save a person’s life, this theory would say its the right thing to do

Answer 32

Consequentialist theory

Question 33

END JUSTIFIES THE MEANS.

Answer 33

Consequentialist theory

Question 34

This theory looks more to the intrinsic quality of an act or decision to assert its moral rightness or wrongness.

Answer 34

Deontological theory

Question 35

Based on action

Answer 35

Deontological theory

Question 36

This theory follow set of rules,

Answer 36

Deontological theory

Question 37

When an ethical dilemma arises, do the following:

Answer 37

Understand the facts of the case Identify, analyze, and present reasons for judgment Deliberation must be made based on moral intuition and application of ethical theories, rules, principles

Question 38

Deliberation must be made based on _____________ and application of __________, rules, principles

Answer 38

moral intuition; ethical theories

Question 39

this is a moral rule related to principle of autonomy

Answer 39

Consent; Confidentiality

Question 40

this is a rule within the principle of autonomy. Every individual has the right to control his or her own affairs without interference from or knowledge of outside parties

Answer 40

Privacy

Question 41

this is the principle or duty to the welfare of the individual

Answer 41

Respect for persons

Question 42

it is an ethical principle within deontological theory

Answer 42

Veracity

Question 43

= this is the principle of having responsibility to be trustworthy and keep promises

Answer 43

Fidelity

Question 44

refers to fairness and tendering what is due

Answer 44

Justice

Question 45

is an implicit contract between the client and the health care provider that broadly describes the relationship involved whenever a pharmacist provides drug information.

Answer 45

Ethical Covenant

Question 46

Patients have the:

Answer 46

Right to receive competently-provided information and respectful treatment Obligation to provide background information needed by the pharmacist Right to request for adequate background information Obligation to deliver competent, trustworthy, and caring service

Question 47

SUPPORT FOR ETHICAL DECISION- MAKING

Answer 47

Ethics committees Policies and procedures Organizational policies Foundational ethics education

Question 48

Legal standards are enforced by

Answer 48

government entity

Question 49

Ethical standards are enforced by

Answer 49

human principles

Question 50

A body of rights, obligations, and remedies that is applied by courts in civil proceedings to provide relief for persons who have suffered harm from the wrongful acts of others

Answer 50

TORT LAW

Question 51

The person who sustains injury or suffers pecuniary damage as the result of tortious conduct is known as the

Answer 51

plaintiff.

Question 52

The person who is responsible for inflicting the injury and incurs liability for the damage is known as the

Answer 52

defendant or tortfeasor.

Question 53

negligence refers to failure to exercise the degree of care that a reasonable person would exercise under the same circumstances.

Answer 53

Malpractice liability based on negligence

Question 54

Elements of negligence:

Answer 54

duty breached damages were evident direct causation defenses absent

Question 55

once the duty of care is established, the plaintiff would need a set of quality evidence to prove that:

Answer 55

○ the information provided was materially deficient ○ the deficient information was a proximate cause of injury suffered ○ the recipient reasonably relied on the information provided ○ the information deficiency was due to failure to exercise reasonable care ○ the pharmacist knew or should have known that the safety or health of another may have depended on the accuracy of the information provided.

Question 56

WAYS IN WHICH TORT LIABILITY CAN RELATE TO THE PROVISION OF DRUG INFORMATION:

Answer 56

● Incomplete information ● Inappropriate quality information ● Outdated information ● Inappropriate analysis/dissemination of information

Question 57

T/F: Under informed consent, the defendant could assert that the patient knowingly assumed the risk for a new or experimental therapy or regimen

Answer 57

T

Question 58

the allocation of responsibility for damages incurred between the plaintiff and the defendant, based on the relative negligence of the two

Answer 58

Comparative negligence

Question 59

the wrongful acts or omissions of two or more persons acting independently, but causing the same injury.

Answer 59

Concurrent negligence

Question 60

the attribution of liability on one person for the actions of another.

Answer 60

Vicarious liability

Question 61

refers to the proposition that the employer is responsible for the negligent acts of its agents or employees.

Answer 61

Respondeat superior

Question 62

Methods to protect against lawsuits

Answer 62

○ Contracts covering financial arrangements ○ Adequate documentation ○ Disclaimers ○ Insurance

Question 63

T/F: Best way to avoid omission negligence is to learn from experience, anticipate mistakes that may appear in databases, and keep abreast of changes in DI sources.

Answer 63

T

Question 64

Three Key Areas of Liability:

Answer 64

-learned intermediary rule, -doctrine of over-promotion, -Promotion of off-label use

Question 65

assumption that consumer’s already has prior knowledge

Answer 65

Learned intermediary

Question 66

Involves magazine, television, website, cellphone, and text advertisements, suggesting the use of various prescription drugs for medical conditions the viewer might experience and also suggesting the viewer ask their physician if the medication would be appropriate for them.

Answer 66

Direct-To-Consumer Advertising (DTCA)

Question 67

specifies that prescription drug advertisements cannot omit material facts, and must present a fair balance between effectiveness and risk information.

Answer 67

Direct-To-Consumer Advertising (DTCA)

Question 68

specifies that every risk addressed in the product’s approved labeling must also be disclosed in the advertisements

Answer 68

Direct-To-Consumer Advertising (DTCA)

Question 69

requires that the advertisement contain a summary of “all necessary information related to adverse effects and contraindications.”

Answer 69

Direct-To-Consumer Advertising (DTCA)

Question 70

involves use for indications not specifically approved by the FDA.

Answer 70

Off-label use

Question 71

T/F: Once FDA approves a drug for marketing, a physician’s discretionary use of that product is not restricted to the uses indicated on FDA-regulated labeling.

Answer 71

T

Question 72

Particularly important in the areas of oncology and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),

Answer 72

Off-Label Use and Informed Consent

Question 73

DTCA on the internet is considered ________, rather than advertising and, as such, the FDA has principal authority to regulate it.

Answer 73

labeling

Question 74

use of telecommunications and interactive video technology to provide health care services to patients who are at a distance.

Answer 74

Telemedicine

Question 75

broader concept that includes marketing, relationship creation, advice, prescribing, and selling pharmaceuticals and devices in cyberspace.

Answer 75

Cybermedicine

Question 76

pharmacist provide or use telecommunication in providing pharmacy services or in providing patient counseling or medication information.

Answer 76

Telepharmacy

Question 77

T/F: patient information must never be disclosed on such sites.

Answer 77

't

Question 78

This principle is considered of intrinsic value

Answer 78

JUSTICE