ethical issues & dealing with them

Question 1

What are ethical issues?

Answer 1

They arise when a conflict between the rights of ppts in research studies and the goals of the research to produce authentic, worthwhile data

Question 1

What is informed consent?

Answer 1

• Making ppts aware of the aims, procedures, rights and what the data is used for. This may cause the ppts to not act naturally.

Question 2

What is the right to withdraw?

Answer 2

Allows a research ppt to drop out of the study anytime without a penalty

Question 3

What is deception?

Answer 3

Deliberately misleading ppts

Question 4

What is protection from harm?

Answer 4

Ppts shouldn’t be placed at any more risk than in their daily life (including physical and psychological). This can make the ppt feel embarrassed or inadequate.

Question 5

What is privacy and confidentiality?

Answer 5

Privacy is the right to control information about themselves which includes the area the research was produced.

Confidentiality is the right to have any personal data protected.

Question 6

What is the BPS (British Psychological Society) code of conduct?

Answer 6

It is a set of ethical guidelines which researcher have to follow or face consequences (such as losing their job). it ensures ppts are treated fairly and is implemented by committees that decide research should take place.

Question 7

What are the ways of getting consent?

Answer 7

• Presumptive consent
• prior general consent
• retrospective consent

Question 8

What is presumptive consent?

Answer 8

A similar group is asked if a study is acceptable

Question 8

What is dealing with informed consent?

Answer 8

It is when ppts are issued with a consent letter/form. If ppt is under 16 a parental signature is needed. There are other ways of getting consent

Question 9

What is prior general consent?

Answer 9

It is when ppts permit to take part in different studies.

Question 10

What is retrospective consent?

Answer 10

When ppts are asked for consent after taking part in research. This is mostly used.

Question 11

What is dealing with deception and protection from harm?

Answer 11

Ppts are given a full debrief at the end which includes:
- making them aware of the aims
- what their data is used for and the right to withdraw and withhold data
- ensured that behaviour is normal
- if embarrassment or stress is subjected then counselling should be offered

Question 12

What is dealing with confidentiality?

Answer 12

Usual to record no personal data (using numbers or initials). ppts are reminded during briefing and debriefing that data will be protected.