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MT-MLS 101A (PMLS) > ETHICS > Flashcards

ETHICS Flashcards

1
Q

Who said this and what year? “Individual’s search for meaning while dealing with human problems which may be logical (problems of reasoning), epistemological (problems of the truth), cosmological (problems of the universe), ethical (problems of morality), aesthetical (problems of art and beauty), or scientific problems (problem of science).”

A

Timbreza, 1993

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2
Q

problems of reasoning

A

logical

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3
Q

epistemological

A

problems of the truth

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4
Q

problems of the universe

A

cosmological

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5
Q

ethical

A

problems of morality

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6
Q

problems of art and beauty

A

aesthetical

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7
Q

scientific problems

A

problem of science

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8
Q

Deals with a diverse prescription of universal concepts and principles that serve as the foundation of moral beliefs.

A

Ethics

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9
Q

_____________ that guides how an individual should behave. These are rules provided by an external source.

A

Moral code

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10
Q

Ethics is different from morals. Because moral means?

A

it’s the individual’s own principle of what is right or wrong

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11
Q

This type of ethics means the general principle of morality

A

General Ethics

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12
Q

This type of ethics means application of your principles of general ethics

A

Special Ethics

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13
Q

Two types of special ethics

A

Individual Ethics
Social Ethics

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14
Q

Last type of ethics

A

Professional Ethics

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15
Q

MORALITY can be viewed in different perspectives — as a law, an inner conviction, as love, as personal growth, and as social transformation said by?

A

Donal Harrington

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16
Q

Nuances between ETHICS and MORALITY by?

A

James Gustafson (1974)

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17
Q

Theoretical prescription/critiques

A

Ethics

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18
Q

Based on the on the principles practiced by a particular community

A

Morality

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19
Q

A school of ethics anchored on the principle that morality is relative to the norms of a particular culture.

A

Ethical Relativism

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20
Q

Ethical Relativism is also known as?

A

“moral relativism”

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21
Q

Examples of Ethical Relativism

A

Religion. Some religious beliefs may be accepted by others and not by other individuals.

Circumcision. Here in the Philippines it is part of our culture where boys of a certain age need to be circumcised.

Being Vegetarian. In Hinduism they are practicing eating vegetables or being vegans.

Tipping off servers. In the United States it is mandatory to tip off servers while in Japan it is considered an insult if you leave tips for the servers.

22
Q

A philosophical movement that includes those who claim that an ideology or proposition is true if it works satisfactorily.

A

Ethical Pragmatism

23
Q

Pragmatism was coined by _________ and developed by ______________.

A

Charles Peirce
William James

24
Q

Ethical Pragmatism can be used in?

A

decision making and moral reasoning

25
Q

States that the rightness or wrongness of actions is determined by their consequences.

A

Ethical Utilitarianism

26
Q

Ethical Utilitarianism is founded by two English Philosophers. Which are?

A

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)

27
Q

Who said this?
“Actions are good insofar as they tend to promote happiness, bad as they tend to produce unhappiness.”

A

Mill

28
Q

What are considered in medical ethics?

A

The diversity, the decision making, and the compliance governance

29
Q

Includes devices, sexual practices, or medications used or followed in order to prevent or reduce the chances of pregnancy.

A

Artificial Birth Control

30
Q

Prevents fertilization of ovum by sperm cells.

A

Contraception

31
Q

Two types of Contraception.

A

Barrier Method and Hormonal Contraception

32
Q

Prevents implantation of blastocysts

A

Contragestion

33
Q

T-shaped device inserted into the uterus to prevent the implantation of the fertilized egg

A

Intrauterine device (IUD)

34
Q

Chemical or surgical inductions of the developing embryo or fetus.

A

Abortion

35
Q

“The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception.”

A

Article II, Section 12 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

36
Q

“The process of inducing the painless death of a person who is severely debilitated for reasons assumed to be merciful, either through voluntary, non-voluntary, or involuntary.”

A

Euthanasia/Mercy Killing
By Herbart Hendin, 2004

37
Q

example of it is withholding of medical treatment or life support which deliberately causes the patient’s death.

A

Passive Euthanasia

38
Q

there are specific steps carried out to cause the patient’s death. Example: injecting the patient with lethal substances or by applying force

A

Active Euthanasia

39
Q

Types of Euthanasia.

A

Voluntary Euthanasia
Non-Voluntary Euthanasia
Involuntary Euthanasia

40
Q

It involves genetic manipulations that are perceived to be against moral standards set by society.

A

Genetic Engineering

41
Q

A procedure that screens, chooses, and selects the genes for proper detection of any genetic disease and other chromosomal malformations. Usually done for early diagnosis of disease.

A

Genetic Screening

42
Q

Techniques such as genetic control, therapy, and surgery. People can control and prevent defective genes.
Example: Cosmetic surgery

A

Genetic Interventions

43
Q

Make use of stem cells to treat or prevent diseases.

A

Stem-Cell Therapy

44
Q

Stem-Cell Therapy is Subject of controversy because of?

A

sources of stem-cells.

45
Q

Stem-cells are the cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are created. They are also known as the master cells. Functions are the following:

A

Generate and repair damage body tissues
Grown to become a new tissue for organ transplant.

46
Q

Sources of Stem-Cells:

A

Embryonic stem cells
Adult or somatic cells
Amniotic Fluid stem-cells

47
Q

Deviation of the natural process of fertilization.

A

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

48
Q

This covers the philosophy of doing what is right.

A

ETHICS

49
Q

This covers the morally accepted behavior of individuals in the workplace.

A

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

50
Q

This serves as the guiding principle in the ethical practice of a profession.

A

THE CODE OF ETHICS

MT-MLS 101A (PMLS) (7 decks)

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