Ethics

Question 1

What is the Tri-Council Policy?

Answer 1

Canadian federal policy on human research ethics.

Question 2

What is the Tri-Council Policy Statement?

Answer 2

A commitment to the people of Canada to promote ethical conduct of research involving humans.

Question 3

What are the three parts of the Tri-Council Policy Statement?

Answer 3

Respect]
[Beneficence]
[Justice]

Question 4

What is Respect?

Answer 4

Respect for autonomy:
*The person is free to choose without interference
* Seek informed, ongoing consent
* Protect those with developing, impaired, or diminished autonomy
* Treatment of a person involved in research
* Either the participant or their biological material

Question 5

What is Beneficence?

Answer 5

Concern for Welfare
* Minimize risk and maximize benefits
* Give participants enough information to assess risks or benefits with participating

Question 6

What is Justice?

Answer 6

Justice & Moral Status
* Obligation to treat people fairly and equitably
* Consider that some groups are more vulnerable
* Important considerations for recruitment process

Question 7

What is at Carleton for human ethics?

Answer 7

Carleton University Research Ethics
Board (CUREB)

Question 8

What does CUREB do?

Answer 8

Helps researchers at Carleton University.

Question 9

Who is on CUREB?

Answer 9

Scientists, non-scientists, and community members.

Question 10

What are the 7 basic criteria of an institutional review board?

Answer 10

1. Minimization of risk
2. Reasonable risk in relation to benefits
3. Equitable selection
4. Informed consent
5. Documentation of informed consent
6. Participant monitoring
7. Privacy and confidentiality

Question 11

What are animals used for?

Answer 11

Research, Testing, Training/Teaching

Question 12

What animals need approval?

Answer 12

All vertebrates, including fish and Cephalopods (octopus, squid)

Question 13

How does the regulation of animal ethics work?

Answer 13

1. Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC)
2. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA)
3. Office of Research Ethics (ORE)

Question 14

What is at Carleton for animal ethics?

Answer 14

Animal Care Committee

Question 15

What does the Animal Care Committee (ACC) do?

Answer 15

Review and approve all research using animals.

Question 16

Who is on the Animal Care Committee (ACC)?

Answer 16

Veterinarian, scientist, public member unaffiliated with the institution, support staff.

Question 17

Who works with ACC?

Answer 17

Animal care and veterinary services (ACVS)

Question 18

What does Animal Care and Veterinary Services (ACVS) do?

Answer 18

Provides daily care for animals at Carleton by veterinarians and veterinary technicians and provides training for those around.

Question 19

What are the 3 r’s?

Answer 19

Refinement/Reduce/Replacement

Question 20

What is refinement?

Answer 20

Refinement refers to methods that minimize the pain, suffering, distress, or lasting harm that may be experienced by research animals, and which improve their welfare.

Question 21

What is reduce?

Answer 21

Reduction refers to methods that minimise the number of animals used per experiment or study consistent with the scientific aims.

Question 22

What is replacement?

Answer 22

Replacement refers to technologies or approaches that directly replace or avoid the use of animals in experiments where they would otherwise have been used.

Question 23

What are the categories of invasiveness?

Answer 23

A. Experiments on most invertebrates
B. Experiments that cause little or no stress or discomfort
C. Experiments that cause minor stress or pain for short duration
D. Experiments that cause moderate to severe distress and
discomfort
E. Experiments that cause severe pain that is near or above pain tolerance threshold in conscious, unanesthetized animals

Question 24

What are the 3 levels in Canada for animal ethics?

Answer 24

1. National standards and
   certification: Canadian Council
   on Animal Care (CCAC)
2. Provincial law: Ontarian
   Animals for Research Act (OARA)
3. Local programs: Animal Care
   Committees (ACC) working with
   veterinarians and animal care
   staff

Question 25

What does the Ontarian Animals for Research do?

Answer 25

Institutions and all their animal facilities must be registered, there are surprise inspections and requested inspections for new facilities.
All research/post-secondary teaching institutions within Ontario must have an Animal Care Committee

Question 26

What does the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) do?

Answer 26

Publishes standards of animal care and use that are to be followed by institutions for them to be certified.

Question 27

What does the Animal Care Committee do?

Answer 27

-Responsible for overseeing all aspects of animal care and use
-Review, approve and follow up on Animal Use Protocols after the scientific, pedagogical or regulatory merit of using animals has been independently confirmed.

Question 28

What are the problems with using animals?

Answer 28

1) Artificial - animals do not get some of the diseases humans do, these have to be artificially induced.
2) Variability: There can be variability between sexes and strains of animals and laboratories, and sometimes methodology problems, in addition to species differences.
3) Inconclusive: animal experiments do not provide definitive data about human responses.
4) Expensive and slow

Question 29

What do Animal Care and Veterinary Services (ACVS) do?

Answer 29

1) They work closely with the ACC and Ethics & Compliance Office
2) They develop Standard Operating Procedures based on guidelines and best practices