Quasiexperimental and Nonexperimental

Question 1

Between-subject designs non or quasi?

Answer 1

• Differential research design (non)
• Posttest-only nonequivalent control group design (non)
• Pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design (quasi)

Question 2

What is differential research design?

Answer 2

• Compare two groups of participants as they are
• Participants formed by their pre-existing variable
• Groups are nonequivalent even at the very beginning of the study
• No manipulation or intervention in the groups

Question 3

What is are time-related variables?

Answer 3

Studies where observations are made over time
* These are called pre-post designs
* Recall within-group designs
But no counterbalancing to control order effects
Pretest must always come before the posttest measurement

Question 4

Within-subjects design time-related variables? (4)

Answer 4

• One group pretest-posttest design (non)
• Time series design (quasi)
• Interrupted time series design (quasi)
• Nonequivalent control time series design (quasi)

Question 5

Threats to internal validity for pre-post design? (2)

Answer 5

• History, maturation, instrumentation, order
• Experimental – counterbalancing to control order effects

Question 6

What is One group pre-post design (non)?

Answer 6

Within-group, comparing results before and after treatment.

Question 7

What is time series design (quasi)

Answer 7

Take multiple measurements before the treatment and multiple measurements after.

Question 8

Time series design (quasi) disadvantages? (2)

Answer 8

• Time consuming, expensive
• History can still be a confound

Question 9

Types of Developmental Research?

Answer 9

• Study change as a function of age
• Longitudinal design (within-subject)
• Cross-sectional (between-subject)

Question 10

What is Cross-sectional design? Pros?

Answer 10

Pros: All individuals studied at the same time

Question 11

What is Cross-sectional design? Cons?

Answer 11

• Cons: Different individuals at each age group
• Cons: Cohort effects – differences between age groups (cohorts) due to unique characteristics of that age Age 10 Age 15 Age 20

Question 12

What is Longitudinal design? Pros?

Answer 12

Pros: Compare between different ages therefore done in the
same individuals

Question 13

What is Longitudinal design? Cons?

Answer 13

Cons: The same individuals are studied over time
* Takes a very long time
* Expensive
* High attrition

Question 14

Quasi-experiments often have greater external validity (true or false)

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Quasi-experiments have reduced internal validity (true or false)

Answer 15

true