ETHICS - ARISTOTLE Flashcards
(15 cards)
Who was Aristotle?
A philosopher from the 4th century BC originally a biologist
Aristotle is known for his contributions to various fields including ethics, metaphysics, and biology.
What is Aristotle’s definition of the ‘Good life’ for man?
Activity of the soul in accordance with virtue
This concept emphasizes living life in the best way possible through virtuous actions.
What does the term ‘soul’ refer to in Aristotle’s philosophy?
Psyche - psychology
Aristotle believed every living thing has a soul, which animates it.
Define virtue in Aristotle’s terms.
Arête – excellence
Virtue is central to Aristotle’s ethical framework and is essential for achieving the Good life.
Differentiate between surviving and flourishing according to Aristotle.
Surviving: not dying; Flourishing: living and striving for excellence in human qualities
Flourishing is a higher state of existence compared to merely surviving.
What is practical wisdom in Aristotle’s philosophy?
Phronesis – guidance by good sense to be fruitful and well
Phronesis is essential for applying knowledge effectively in real-life situations.
Who does Aristotle consider the best person to live a good life?
Middle aged, educated, financially stable, socially respected
These characteristics are thought to contribute to a person’s ability to achieve Eudaimonia.
What are the three levels of the soul according to Aristotle?
Plants (least), Animals (level 2), Humans (level 3)
Each level reflects different capabilities and functions of the soul.
What is the difference between irrational and rational components of the soul?
Irrational: instinctual/emotional; Rational: logical
The balance between these components is crucial for moral decision-making.
What does Eudaimonia mean?
Ancient Greek for good and spirit (or happiness)
Eudaimonia is achieved when the conflict of the anima reaches peace.
What is the Golden Mean?
The balance between excess and deficiency in life, aka the ‘Virtuous Path’
This concept emphasizes moderation in all aspects of life.
What are the four main virtues according to Aristotle?
- Courage
- Temperance
- Justice
- Wisdom
These virtues are essential for achieving moral excellence.
Fill in the blank: The conflict in the anima leads to ______.
Morality
Morality helps balance the rational and irrational aspects of the soul.
True or False: Aristotle believed that a wise person may live a better life than an intelligent person.
True
Wisdom encompasses more than intelligence, as it involves understanding and applying knowledge.
What is the role of moral virtue in Aristotle’s ethics?
Training ourselves in habits that incline us to choose the middle ground
Moral virtue is developed through practice and habit formation.
