Ethics exam Revision Flashcards
(66 cards)
What is the definition of ethics?
Key:
- Sustained analyzation
- ought to live
- Dialogue
Ethics is a sustained analysis of how we are ought to act. Dialogue of right action. Its primary aim is to determine how one ought to live and what actions one ought to do in the conduct of one’s life.
Give some examples of ethical issues that you have researched
- Unethical Leadership
- Discrimination and Harassment.
- Abortion.
- Climate change.
- Gender inequality.
- Police brutaliaty.
- Racism.
- Islamphobia.
- Marrige laws.
- freedom of speech.
- euthinasia.
What makes an issue an ethical issue?
Key:
- Values or ethical principles
- Moral or immoral.
- Opposes the question ‘What are we ought to do?’.
An ethical issue usually involves a conflict between values or ethical principles. An issue becomes an ethical issue when it requires stakeholders of a certain ethical principle to evaluate whether the actions arousing the issuse was moral or immoral. An ethical issue is analyzed via multiple reasonable viewpoints and opposes the question ‘What are we ought to do?’.
What are utalitarian appraoch to ethical decision making?
Key
- best outcome.
Decisions are made on the basis of choosing the best outcome to achieve the greatest happiness for the greatest amount of people.
What are deontological approach to ethical decision making?
Key;
- Similar situations to be regarded as good or bad to a different degree.
- Disregard it once, disregard it at all times!
The deontological view is that an act is right or wrong in itself and does not depend upon any other considerations. A person who views life with a deontological mindset believes that it is not ethically right for similar situations to be regarded as good or bad to a different degree. A deontological approch will view the means as more important than the ends. Disregard it once, disregard it at all times!
What are the differences between ethics and morals
Key
- Guiding principles
- ought to do
- Specific rules
- Promotes life
While they’re closely related concepts, ethics refer mainly to guiding principles that help a moral agent form an opinon about what we are ought to do. On the contrary, morals refer to specific rules and actions, or behaviors that promotes life and denounces inhuman decisions.
What is virtue ethics?
Key
- individuals character
- ancient assumption.
- an essence
- nature
- Eudaimonia
- Honouring your strengths
Virtue ethics Its an ethical principle that emphasizes the role of character and virtue in moral philosophy rather than either doing one’s duty or acting in order to bring about good consequences. The therory reflects the ancient assumption that humans have a fixed nature – an essence – and that the way we flourish is by adhering to that nature. A virtious person strives for a life of eudaimonia. A eudemonistic life is being the best you can personally be, honing your strengths while working on your weakness.
What are social norms?
Key
- created by what everyone does
- folkways, mores, taboos and laws
- moral
Social norms are rules that are created by what everyone does, whether it follows or go against the law. There are four types of social norms, folkways, mores, taboos and laws. Although, the fact that the act is a norm does not make it moral.
Give an example of social norms?
- Don’t tell someone they stink in public
- Don’t eat with your mouth open
- lying to your parents when you brake something in the house
- Lying to an intruder
Discuss Catholic Beliefs (Church Views) modern responses to climate change
Pope Francis declared that the science of climate change is clear and that the Catholic Church views climate change as a moral issue that must be addressed in order to protect the Earth and everyone on it.
Why is gender inequality an ethical issue?
Gender inequality is an issue because woman continue to face discrimination and other types of harm because of their gender. It takes the form of an ethical issue when moral agents discuss wherther a paticular gender is ought to be subordinated.
What is the Catholic church’s view on gender equality?
Key.
- Made equal in the eyes of God,
- Complement” one another.
- God’s Spirit
The Catholicsim of the Catholic Church states clearly that men and women were made equal in the eyes of God, and that men and women “complement” one another. Man and woman are equally redeemed by Christ, and equally gifted by God’s Spirit for service and held responsible for using their God-given gifts.
What is a consequentialist approach?
Key
- Consequences.
The ethical theory that judges whether or not something is right by what its consequences
Provide an example of an consequentialist approach?
For instance, most people would agree that lying is wrong. But if telling a lie would help save a person’s life, consequentialism says it’s the right thing to do.
What is climate change?
Key
- long term change.
- Biosphere
Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns and the factors attributing to a change in our biosphere.
What is global warming?
Key
- Global warming
- Atmosphere
Global warming is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere.
What is the Catholic creation story?
Day 1 - Light and dark Day 2 - Sky Day 3 - Dryland and plants Day 4 - Star, moon and sun Day 5 - Flying animals and sea life Day 6 - Land animals and people Day 7 - Rested
How does the catholic creation story relate to the climate change?
In the creation story, humnas were bestowed the great power of dominionship over the earth. Thus, like many other inherited responsibilities associated with dominionship, humans must also be eviormental stewards. Therfore, In reagrds to climate change, humans must restric their consumption of the earth’s resources.
What does it mean to have dominion over the earth?
Having dominion over it means that we use and manage the plants, animals, minerals, air, water, efficiently. We might think of God as CEO of the earth, and of ourselves as managers of it, although, all too often we’ve exploited it rather than managing it.
What does the book of genisis say about human dominion?
- Genesis 1:26
And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.
What does Pope Francis say in Laudato Si’ say about Global Inequality
- Overconsumption are not the problems
- Atmosphere
Pollution and overconsumption are not the problems in themselves, they are symptoms of a far more serious disconnect in the values of society. The enhanced greenhouse gasses are excessively being pumped into the atmosphere of these disadvantaged countries, causing global warming to increase at a dangerous rate. Hence the poor are forced to live where pollution is high and environmental disasters are frequent. This is a far cry from what Pope Francis called the “Gospel of Creation ‘’ in his letter titled ‘Laudato Si’.
What does Pope Francis say in Laudato Si’ say about o Loss of Biodiversity
The earth’s resources are also being plundered because of short-sighted approaches to the economy, commerce and production.” Very directly, he blames human disruption for the loss of species and expresses concerns that the loss might cause us harm in the future as we destroy resources that might be needed to find cures for diseases and other un-yet discovered scientific breakthroughs for humans and the environment.
What are the Catholic Ethical Principles?
The catholic approach to ethical behaviour is based on the objective truths that the ten principles highlights.
- God exists
- Human beings have been created in the image of God
- People naturally know what is right through the use of their intelligence
- Human beings are capable of sin
- In Christ, god has restored the fullness of life to all people (redemption)
- Jesus Christ showed people what it is to be fully human
- Christ gave an example of how to live
- The Christian life is one of faith, hope and love.
- Christians taught the law of love
- The church teaches about moral and ethical issues
How does the catholic ethical principles relate to climate change?
Eventhough the catholic ethical principles does not explicitly state what humans should do in terms of tackling climate change, an moral agent can use them as starting assumptions to guide their approch to climate change. For example, by understanding that humans are created in the image of God, it can be implied that humans have a moral imparative to treat the earth in a manner that pleases God. Hence, humans must work together to reduce the impact of climate change.
