Ethics Final Exam

Question 1

deliberative communities

Answer 1

Communities/Groups of people who discuss popular topics to make informed decisions.

Question 2

Definition of Ethics.Ethics as Branch of Philosophy

Answer 2

Understanding what is morally right or wrong. Provides frameworks for making ethical decisions in different aspects of life.

Question 3

Ethics VS Morality

Answer 3

Ethics focuses on how these beliefs apply to society; Morality deals with personal beliefs about right and wrong

Question 4

Descriptive VS Prescriptive (Questions and Claims)

Answer 4

Descriptive questions and claims describe how things are, while prescriptive ones suggest how things should be done

Question 5

Metacognition

Answer 5

Understanding how you think

Question 6

Porritt’s View of Judgmental VS Condemning

Answer 6

Judging is forming opinions, while condemning is expressing strong disapproval

Question 7

Creativity’s Role in Ethics (Porritt)

Answer 7

Creativity helps find new solutions to ethical problems

Question 8

Spirals of Silence (Noelle-Newman)

Answer 8

People often stay quiet about unpopular views to avoid feeling left out, making popular opinions seem even more dominant

Question 9

Moral VS Practical Dilemmas

Answer 9

Moral dilemmas involve choices between right and wrong, while practical dilemmas involve choosing the best option among competing choices

Question 10

Audre Lorde’s Regrets

Answer 10

She believed in living authentically and standing up for social justice.

Question 11

Randy and Jai Pausch’s Moral Dilemma and Deliberative Community - Doctors, Friends, etc.

Answer 11

With tough choices about Randy’s treatment he sought advice from doctors, friends, and others to make decisions together.

Question 12

Murray and Nuland’s Contribution

Answer 12

contributed greatly to medicine, especially in end of life care and medical ethics

Question 13

Process Judgements

Answer 13

evaluating how well things are going during a process

Question 14

Two Types of Moral Dilemmas

Answer 14

ethical/moral dilemmas involve choosing between right and wrong, while practical dilemmas involve choosing the best option among competing choices

Question 15

Emotional Remainder

Answer 15

The lingering feeling you have after something happens.

Question 16

Walker’s View on Comforting as an Art

Answer 16

Suggesting comforting takes skill and sensitivity to support others in tough times.

Question 17

Children Facing Death

Answer 17

Children need special care, support, and understanding to navigate their emotions and experiences surrounding mortality

Question 18

Working Definition of Integrity

Answer 18

being honest, doing whats right and sticking to your values, even when no one is looking

Question 19

Sissela Bok - trust, truth VS truthfulness

Answer 19

Trust is about relying on others, truth is about accuracy, and truthfulness is about honesty.

Question 20

Lying and Power according to Bok

Answer 20

Powerful people may lie to maintain control, while those without power may lie to protect themselves. This damages trust and ethics.

Question 21

How does Bok define deception?

Answer 21

Intentionally misleading others by distorting or hiding information to make them believe something false.

Question 22

How does Bok define lie?

Answer 22

A statement made with intentions to deceive, knowing that what is said is not valid.

Question 23

Why does Bok say deception and lying are wrong?

Answer 23

Bok believes deception and lying are wrong because they destroy trust and can lead to harm or injustice.

Question 24

What does Bok say are two forms of deliberate assault on human beings?

Answer 24

Violence and deception

Question 25

Bok’s Parents and Moral Dilemma

Answer 25

Wether to use deception during WWII to protect Jewish refugees they were sheltering

Question 26

Ferrucci and Kindness

Answer 26

The importance of kindness is shown in how it can make us happier and improve our relationships.

Question 27

Empathy (Hoffman)

Answer 27

Understanding and sharing the feelings of others

Question 28

Achieving Disagreement

Answer 28

being able to express differing opinions respectfully during a discussion

Question 29

Calling Out VS Calling In

Answer 29

Calling out is when you publicly criticize someone’s behavior while. Calling in addresses the issue more privately or gently.

Question 30

Genuine VS False Agreement

Answer 30

genuine agreement means really agreeing, while false agreement is pretending to agree when you don’t.

Question 31

Achieving Disagreement - Civility and Doubt

Answer 31

discussing things respectfully while being open to considering different viewpoint

Question 32

Healthy Guilt, Obedience-Based Guilt (Healthy VS Unhealthy)

Answer 32

Healthy guilt is feeling bad when you’ve done something wrong and want to make it right. Obedience-based guilt is feeling bad because you broke a rule or disappointed someone.

Question 33

Principle of Charity

Answer 33

assuming the best intentions and interpreting others’ words or arguments in the most reasonable way, even if they are not clear or seem flawed.

Question 34

Logical Fallacies - recognize examples

Answer 34

Errors in reasoning that weekend arguments. Attacking someone rather than arguing.

Question 35

Self-Deception

Answer 35

someone tricks themselves into believing something that’s not true, usually to avoid facing uncomfortable realities or to protect their feelings.

Question 36

Bandura & Rationalization, Bandura’s Conclusion

Answer 36

People often justify their actions with rationalizations, using them to protect their self-image even when they’ve done something they feel is wrong.

Question 37

Hermeneutics

Answer 37

Figuring out what texts mean. It involves considering who wrote them, when they were written, and who’s reading them. Different methods, like looking at history or literary style, help us understand texts better. It’s basically about understanding written communication.

Question 38

Kantianism

Answer 38

Emphasizes following universal moral principles, treating people with respect, and acting out of duty rather than for personal gain.