Ethics Final exam Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
A hostile work environment form of sexual harassment occurs when sexual and gender intimidations create barriers to equal treatment for women.
A
C
2
Q
Gerald Dworkin would argue that critical reflection on a desire is necessary for that desire to be autonomous.
A
Fasle
3
Q
Discrimination, in itself, does not give rise to ethical problems unless the criteria for making it are unethical or fair.
A
True
4
Q
Utilitarian ethics has played a prominent role in forming public policy and laws governing finance, employment, consumerism, and work trade.
A
True
5
Q
According to John Stuart Mill, people need to be educated and experienced in a variety of pleasure before they are complement to judge.
A
True
6
Q
Johnson and Johnson Tylenol ad stating last year hospitals dispense 10x as much Tylenol. Johnson wanted consumers to think the medical profession and hospitals believed it was the most effective acetaminophen treatment on the market.
A
C
7
Q
The critics of work life balance practices believe that work can be a central part of an individuals identity and it can have significant benefits for people.
A
False
8
Q
Hundreds of millions of people are themselves supplying personal information to business through the use of personal social media.
A
True
9
Q
according to the private property defense of the economic model of corporate social responsibility, managers who use corporate funds for projects that are not directly devoted to maximizing profits are stealing form their owners
A
C
10
Q
Values like trust play a helpful role in the real world of business.
A
Falso
11
Q
The originality of the Brundtland commissions work on sustainable development was that it connected economic development with social justice and environmental conservation.
A
True
12
Q
Select the statement that has to do with women.
A
A between 1973 and 2020, the percentage of women lawyers and judged increased from 5.8 to 37 percent.
13
Q
The major reason to study ethics is to be able to answer questions such as, what should I do? what type of person should I be? How shall I live in my community?
A
True
14
Q
Gatekeepers are those people and institutions whose role is to provide checks on illegal and unethical behaviors.
A
True
15
Q
It is near impossible to trace particular cases of obesity-related health harm to a particular food or drink.
A
True
16
Q
In an organization, codes and rules prove to be meaningless if ethical behavior is not enforced.
A
True
17
Q
In 2020, the unemployment rate of black men was twice that of white men.
A
True
18
Q
Identify a true statement in work…
A
A
19
Q
Which proposition describes a right?
A
C
20
Q
Identify a true statement in work.
A
A
21
Q
Evidence shows that the pharmaceutical industry spends more money marketing their drugs than they do research and development of new drugs.
A
??
22
Q
The moral right to ____ speech would be a moral right of an individual.
A
Free
23
Q
Mass marketing seeks to promote ones product to the widest possible audience, with the assumption that sales will ____ in proportion to the number of people exposed to the advertisement.
A
Increase
24
Q
External cost should be internalized, and property rights should be assigned to unowned goods such as wild spices.
A
True
25
The human fulfillment model of work believes that work is the primary means for developing human potential.
True
26
Even though parties freely engage in an exchange of goods or services, we cannot be sure that the autonomy has been respected, and that mutual benefit has been achieved.
The utilitarian requirement.
27
Rights protect a _____'s interest
persons
28
The right to freedom of expression does not mean that an employees can never be fired or disciplined for personal opinions that they express on their own social media accounts.
True
29
A job is a role that one steps into and out of as a means for earning _____
Money
30
_____ ethics directs us to consider how various character traits can contribute to, or obstruct, a worthy and good human life.
Virtue
31
________ hiring is an ethically legitimate means for compensation people for the harms that they have suffered.
Preferential
32
Virtue ethics implies that a greedy person who does distasteful and selfish things will not lead a fulfilling and good human life.
True
33
one meaning of ___________ is that employees have claims independently of any particular legal system, claims that originate form the respect due to them as human beings.
Employee rights
34
using common sense to decide is NOT a part of responsible decision making.
True
35
The _______ standard for judging the severity of workplace sexual harassment may mean what the average person considers reasonable, and. understanding may simply ingrain notations of reasonable behavior fashioned my the male offenders and may fail to adequately address injustice.
Reasonable person
36
_______ was NOT originally intended to be a risk management strategy to help every firm and every industry survive over the long-term.
Sustainability
37
an aspect of consumer autonomy requires that customer consent be not only voluntary but also ______.
informed
38
the ethical perspectives that underlies tort laws holds that we all owe other people Serbian general duties, even if we have not explicitly and voluntarily assumed them.
True
39
Jobs have the potential for influencing and shaping individuals.
True
40
when _____ stock transaction leads to ones persons gain and another's loss, it amounts to fraud.
Insider- training.
41
_____ involves. direct behavior without explicit consent or conscious understanding.
Manipulation
42
The argument that the free, ______________ will provide a more efficient and optimal distribution of economic goods and services is utilitarian in that the recipient of the markets benefits is the collective 'greater number of people' while allowing that the market may cause harm to actual individuals and their families in the process
competitive international market
43
what did Kant claim?
that ethics requires us to treat all people as ends and not only as means
44
The pressure of competitive markets alone is NOT enough to weed out unethical behavior among organizations
True
45
Increasing ___________ refers to a fact of current and future U.S. demographics, increasing _____________ revers to a multiplicity of racial, ethic, gender and cultural characteristics in the work place.
workplace diversity, workplace inclusivity
46
what did Robert Arrington argue?
That marketing influences us by appealing to pre-existing and independent desires, and since marketing does not prevent us form renouncing those desires, and as long as we don't renounce them, they must still be considered autonomous.
47
what do defenders of institutions like, World Trade Center, the world bank, and the international monetary funds claim?
because these institutions exist and have authority only because nations have agreed mohave them exist with authority and have freely entered into agreements that created and controlled them, their critics can be accused of supporting undemocratic policies.
48
what does philosophical ethic distinguish?
what people do value form what they should value.
49
what does the employment at will doctrine mean?
that unless a specific contract states otherwise an employer has the right to hire and fire and employee for any reason whatever and the employee has the right to quit at any time.
50
According to Kant, while it is ethically good for managers to prevent harm or do some good, their duty to _______ overrides these concerns
stockholders
51
Need for a product, or anxiety and other stress experiences during a business transaction, or price gouging may take a consumers choice less voluntary, and misleading advertising or incomplete understanding of a products complexity may make this or her content less informed.
True
52
what can provide a competitive advantage int he marketplace and with customers, suppliers, and employees?
ethical behavior and ethical reputation.
53
The legal concept of negligence focuses on ________ and holds them responsible for harms only when they fail to act in ways that could have prevented the harm.
the conduct and state of mind of the producers
54
what good are necessary in order to achieve whatever there goods an individual chooses to pursue?
Primary goods
55
Any effort by they _________ to evaluate expected deceptive marketing practices has been criticized because it would mean punishing business on the basis of what the FTC thinks might happen rather than on what actually does.
Federal Trade Commission
56
Ethical concerns are as unavoidable in business as are concerns of marking, _____, _____, and ______. formal study of business ethics helps address these concerns so that business can integrate ethics in their decision-making.
marketing, finance, human resources.
57
Social conditions of routine, unchallenging, boring jobs tend to suppress the human faculties of rational and autonomous choice.
True
58
the legal doctrine of _________ is controversial because it holds a business accountable for paying damages in case where it was not at fault.
strict product liability.
59
A ______ ethically legitimate market exchange is conditional to mutual benefits for each party involved.
Prima facie
60
An organization's culture offers it direction and stability during challenging times.
True
61
According to Richard DeGeorge the ______ has good reason to believe that blowing the whistle will prevent harm.
Whistle-blower
62
what can efficient markets not guarantee?
that an ethically worthy outcome has be achieved
63
The current approach to ____________ underestimates the influence that business can have in establishing the law
environmental regulations
64
what are sales directed towards unlike marketing?
directed to individuals and as a result, any salesperson who fails to stop a sales pitch when he or she suspects that a customers descion-making is not autonomous is acting unethically.
65
when is a person vulnerable?
Both "a person is vulnerable as a customer because. he or she is unable in some way to participate as fully informed and voluntary participant in the market exchange" and "A person is vulnerable because he or she is susceptible to some physical, psychological, or financial harm other than the financial harm from an unsatisfactory market exchange"
66
what does the social logic state?
since business receive benefits form the society in which they operate, they owe that society certain duties in return.
67
what is one major argument for preferential treatment in hiring?
that such policies are a legitimate means for compensating people for harms they have suffered. to fail to compensate continues a practice of undeserved advantages for white males having to complete in an unfairly restricted job pool and undeserved disadvantages for victims of discrimination.
68
In the United States what do the civil laws protect employees from?
being fired on the bias of race and sex
69
in 2017 the U.S. Department of Justice Memorandum, former attorney General Jeff Sessions declared what?
that the legal prohibition against discrimination, "because of sex" made discrimination based solely the biological categories of male and female illegal.
70
A right to privacy for employees would prohibit what?
employers form monitoring an employee's personal email account.
71
what are managers ethically obligated to do?
to make as much money as possible for their stockholders because to do otherwise would undermine the very foundations of out free society.
72
Pollution of any type is an example of market failure due positive externalities
Fasle, Negative
73
ensuring that markets functions within the law
must be free from fraud and deception is an important internal function for market-based economic systems.
74
sacrificing the first generation of public goods,
as a means for gaining information on market failures is an ill-advised strategy.
75
A ______ account of due process would preclude a list specifying beforehand every possible reason for dismissal and distinguishing them from unacceptable reason.
procedural
76
what is the most effective way to create a divers work place?
to use categories of sex, race, or ethnicity as the only criterion for hiring or promotion, but that would deny equal opportunity for white males.
77
according to the________ of the economic model of corporate social responsibility, any use of a corporation's resources for any purpose other than maximizing profits is a violation of the owners property rights and amounts to theft.
private property defense
78
tracking of personal information is done with knowledge so that the customers know that it is occurring
False, anonymously
79
While willingness to sacrifice might be a part of loyalty, it would seem that devotion and ________ to a common good is both more essential to loyalty and what explains the willingness to sacrifice.
faithfulness
80
what thesis holds ethical considerations should be kept out of business?
seperation
81
market solutions to environmental pollution fallaciously presume that what is food and rational for a collection of individuals is necessarily good and rational for a society what was the result?
important ethical and policy questions can be missed and that can lead to serious environmental harm. under the market model, for example restricting sales of sports unity vehicles and treating them as trucks with higher gas milage standards or increasing taxes on gas would never be considered.
82
unless and until a firm has demonstrated willingness to sacrifice on behalf of employees what do the emplyoees have to do?
employees have little reason to demonstrate loyalty to the firm.
83
what theory focuses on a full and detailed description of those character traits that would constitute a good and human life. Eqosim is simply not a factor in the ethical decision making of caring, empathetic, charitable, and sympathetic persons.
Theory of virtue ethics
84
Business responsibility for _____ and _______ and _______ is less clear than standard cases product liability because it is difficult to identify the connection between a particular product and any particular case of ______ or ______ abuse.
social harms, obesity, opioid abuse.
85
individuals have rights that should not be sacrificed in order to generate a net increase in the collective good
true
86
before having an impact on the culture via a code of conduct or statement of values what do companies do?
the company must determine its mission and articulate its mission statement.
87
an ethical culture empowers employees to what
to act in ethically responsible ways even when the law does not require
88
The strict product liabliity standards requires?
a manufacture to compensate injured customers even if the manufacturer was not at fault, even if there was nothing the manufacturer could have done to prevent the harm.
89
the greek philosopher Aristotle disparaged work because why?
because of its very necessary and therefore slavish nature
90
the fact that political and economic elites in other countries tolerate corrupt and unethical conduct and are the very ones to benefit from that conduct in certain cases does not provide evidence to support the claim that what we takes as unethical is ethically acceptable there.
True
91
Business ethics is concerned more with reasoning than?
answers
92
Ethic business leaders not only act ethically on a personal lever but also?
allocate corporate resources to support and promote ethical behavior in the work place.
93
it is possible to manipulate someone with out deceiving them
True
94
the _____________ understanding of global development included three fundamental principles. those principles include a commitment to economic development, environmental conversation, and the priority of meeting the needs of all people.
Brundtland commission
95
manipulation of a person, considered as a process of subtle direction or management, does not entail total control of that person.
True
96
some observers argue that insider trading means to ________ accurate information about the market and that it moves the markets in the direction of equilibrium. the challenge to this argument is, that this is accomplished by unfair and unethical means.
disseminate
97
______ of managers that interfere with their responsibilities as managers constitute an unethical conflict for them.
personal intrest
98
the value of housework and child care have systematically been undervalues by social programs such as,
social security, unemployment insurance, and many public policies concerned with marriage and divorce.
99
There is not a universal agreement for determining precise standards for what constitutes deception and how best to regulate it.
true
100
______ was sure that industrial capitalism inevitably, necessarily, alienates workers from the product of their work, from the creative process of work, and from their very essence as social creatures.
karl marx
