ethics in sport

Question 1

Good Sportsmanship

Answer 1

• Playing by the written rules to a high code of ethics
• Fairness, maintaining self-control and treating others fairly
• Maintaining high levels of etiquette
• Playing in a positive spirit
• Footballers returning the ball to the opposing team when it has been kicked out to allow an injured player to receive treatment
• Cricketers ‘walking’ before being given out
• Not celebrating scoring against a former club

Question 2

Bad sportsmanship

Answer 2

• In modern sport, sportsmanship is under attack as winning becomes increasingly important
• Teams often stretch rules when they are winning by wasting time
• Some performers can earn a negative reputation for diving/stimulation to win a penalty
• Players often question the decisions of referees or refuse to adopt sporting etiquette with their opponents (Suarez and Evra)

Question 3

The encouragement of sportsmanship

Answer 3

• NGB campaigns promoting sportsmanship (FA respect)
• FIFA fair play awards - promoting positive role models
• Use of technology to help officials reach correct decisions and allow players to be cited after competition for foul play
• NGB rules promoting fair play - banning high/late tackles
• Officials can ‘sin bin’, book or send a player off
• Fines imposed by the NGB
• Use of positive role models
• Rigorous drugs testing to ensure fairness

Question 4

Gamesmanship

Answer 4

• Bending the rules and stretching them to their absolute limit without getting caught; using whatever dubious methods possible to achieve the desired result
• Described as the art of winning games by cunning means, but without actually breaking the rules
• E.G exaggerating a push
• Examples ;
• Delaying play at a restart to allow defence to get set
• Time wasting when winning
• Verbally ‘sledging’ an opponent at a pre-match press conference
• Psyching your opponent out
• Taking an injury timeout/ toilet break
• Deliberate deception of an official to try and gain an advantage

Question 5

win ethic

Answer 5

win at all costs

Question 6

amateruism

Answer 6

• Higher status than professional
• Code of amateurism encourage socially acceptable behaviour in sport and was based on playing sport to clearly set rules
• Rules were put in place by the middle and upper classes who went on to form NGBs
• Adhered to code of ethics - playing to a high set of moral values e.g sportsmanship
• Plenty of free time so they had time
• Participation in sport was seen as more important than winning and taking part was a view a character building exercise
• All rounders was highly regarded
• Amateurs were the elite performers

Question 7

how is amateriusm still evident in british sport today

Answer 7

• Fair play/sportsmanship
• Still viewed positively , encouraged and promoted e,g the fair play awards in football; shaking of hands prior to and at the end of sporting contest
• Rugby union maintained their amateurism until late twentieth century and still call the referee sir

Question 8

the olympic oath

Answer 8

• “In the name of all competitors I promise that we shall take part in these olympic games, respecting and abiding by the rules which govern them, committing ourselves to a sport without doping and without drugs”
• Written by Baron de Coubertin
• First taken at the 1920 olympics
• Promise made by one athlete on behalf of all athletes
• Olympics still viewed as a festival of sport wit fair play and sportsmanship
• It is regularity be questioned due to doping and positive drug tests
• Ben Johnson tested positive the day after winning the 100m gold medal and set a WR in Seoul in 1988
• This sparked an increase in drug testing
• As professionals are now competing there is more ‘win at all costs’

Question 9

positive deviance

Answer 9

• Behaviour which is outside of the norms of society but with no intent to harm or break the rules
• Making a tackle and accidentally breaking the leg
• E.G a performer might over-train to try to compete in a sporting event, despite being injured - Paula Radcliffe in 2004 athens olympics
• E.G injuring a player without intent

Question 10

negative deviance

Answer 10

• Behaviour that goes against the norms and has a detrimental effect on individuals and society in general
• E.G
• Taking illegal performance enhancing drugs
• Deliberately fouling or harming an opponent through aggression or violent actions
• Accepting a bribe to lose; match fixing
• Diving to win a penalty or free kick