technology in sport

Question 1

Sports analytics

Answer 1

the analysis of sports data using analytical tools and methods for data to be subjected to analytical procedures in order to try improve results

Question 2

Why do we use sports analytics ?

Answer 2

• Give averages
• Potential weaknesses of opponents
• Recruitment of new talent
• Different requirements

Question 3

quantitative research

Answer 3

• Formal , objective and systematic
• Factual information
• Numerical data
• Most fitness tests use quantitative data (e.g multi stage fitness test, VO2 max test)

Question 4

Qualitative research

Answer 4

• Generally focused on words
• Subjective
• Feelings, opinions and emotions
• Gain a better understanding of participants experience
• Use of open ended questions
• In depth conversation predominantly used in sport psychology

Question 5

Objective

Answer 5

facts based on information which is measurable and usable

Question 6

Subjective

Answer 6

data based on personal opinion which is less measurable and often usable

Question 7

Validity

Answer 7

an indication of whether the data collected actually measures what it claims

Question 8

Reliability

Answer 8

refers to the degree to which data collection is consistent and stable over time. Reliable tests can be repeated to provide similar data

Question 9

Video and analysis programmes

Answer 9

• Coaches and athletes are using video, DVD, or digital technology as a medium more frequently to analyse;
• Technique analysis
• Team performance
• Biomechanical aspects (gait(how we walk))
• Injury prevention/rehabilitation

Question 10

Video motion analysis

Answer 10

• Usually involves a high speed camera and computer with software allowing frame by frame playback
• Useful in the individual analysis of technique (angle of release, position on limb etc)

Question 11

Notational analysis

Answer 11

• Is used to record aspects of an individual or teams performance
• Used to record quantitative data
• Objective data;
• Passes
• Shots
• Tackles
• Corners
• Cards

Question 12

Testing and recording equipment - RER

Answer 12

• RER - respiratory exchange ratio (what fuel source we use to the energy we use)
• Carbon dioxide expired per min (VCO2 max) / oxygen consumed per min (VO2)
• If the ratio is 0.7 - 100% fat
• If the ratio is 1 - 100% carbs

Question 13

Indirect calorimetry (process)

Answer 13

• Metabolic cart (tech) is an electronic medical tool used to measure the body’s metabolism through the amount of heat produced when the body is at rest
• Tells you what fuel you use during exercise (RER)
• This process is called calorimetry
• Headgear will be attached to a subject while they breathe
• Measures concentration of CO2 and O2 breathed out
• Translated into heat equivalent (energy production)
• Non invasive and regarded as relatively accurate
• Will then produce RER or REE (resting energy expenditure)

Question 14

Uses of indirect calorimetry

Answer 14

• Determine energy expenditure and response to nutrition
• Calculate energy expenditure, to allow for nutritional requirements/calorific
• Who are classified/potential classified as obese

Question 15

Possible difficulties affecting validity and reliability

Answer 15

• Inaccuracies from air leaks
• Possible inaccuracies from measurement or recording errors
• Difficult to use on children
• overfeeding/underfeeding may occur, based on results given
• Single snapshots are worse than ‘average results/studies’ over a longer period of time
• Process actually measures consumption, not needs

Question 16

What factors affect our RER?

Answer 16

• Age
• Mass
• Gender
• Muscle mass/body fat %
• Temperature (internal and external)

Question 17

Use of GPS and motion tracking software and hardware

Answer 17

• GPS - global positioning system
• Useful for coaches to monitor players during matches/training
• Provides coaches with information immediately
• Tracks speed, distance and direction of individuals
• Can help understand technical performance (e.g G forces in contact sports)
• It can help a coach with tactics and subs
• Provides physiological information

Question 18

Benefits for a coach using GPS

Answer 18

• Better use of training time - meeting game demands
  Improves tactical analysis
• Compare player performance data - selecting the most appropriate players for the fixture ahead
• Helps injured players through rehabilitation

Question 19

Monitoring data integrity

Answer 19

Ensuring the data is entering the system and recorded exactly as intended

Question 20

data integrity Can be compromised by

Answer 20

• Human error
• Transferring data from one computer to another
• Software bugs or viruses
• Hardware malfunctions

Question 21

How to minimise compromised data integrity

Answer 21

• Regularly backing up the data
• Controlling access to data and protecting against malicious intent vias security mechanisms
• Designing interfaces to stop the input of invalid data
• Using error detection and correction software
• Not leaving computer unattended

Question 22

Vibration technology

Use of analytics in injury prevention

Answer 22

• Improves bone density
• Increases muscle mass/muscle power
• Improving circulation (goes from vasoconstriction to vasodilation and so on)
• Reducing joint pain
• Reduces back pain
• Alleviates stress
• Boosting metabolism
• Reducing pain and DOMS
• Maintenance of cartilage integrity where weight-bearing activities are difficult to undertake

Question 23

Electrostimulation

Use of analytics in injury prevention

Answer 23

• Provides a gentle external electrocution of the muscles
• More natural process - similar to what the brain tells the nerves when they are voluntarily contracted
• Used by professionals to assist with rehab from injury
• Prevention of muscle atrophy (dying)
• Help athletes prepare for competitions
• Avoid overuse, can be ineffective

Question 24

can avoid injury by

Use of analytics in injury prevention

Answer 24

• Strengthening and toning the muscle
• Help loss of fitness levels due to activating the muscles during periods of inactivity
• Aids the removal of lactic acid

Question 25

adapted equipment

Answer 25

* Specially designed wheelchairs, throwing frames and sit skis * Examples of adapted equipments designed to encourage physical activity in the elderly include; * Finger extension exerciser; helps with hand and wrist movements * Low impact pedal exercise machine; helps stimulate circulation/ maintaining muscle tone * Exercise balance beam; maintain/improve balance, coordination and mobility * Technological advanced wheelchair designs; helps the elderly that are restricted to wheelchairs to continue exercise * Prosthetics have been designed and developed to meet certain athletes needs

Question 26

Technology and facility development - the olympic legacy (surfaces/multi-use)

Answer 26

* 3G/4G pitches * Astro turfs * MUGAS (multi-use games area) * Replicates more natural playing surfaces * All weather conditions * All surfaces aid in the development of the multi-sport legacy * However some facilities have been built to develop specialist sports (lee valley velopark)