ethics midterm

Question 1

Siddhartha

Answer 1

Who left his wife and son to pursue the truth at age 29; first seeing poverty, suffering, and death.

Question 2

Patriarch

Answer 2

Who believes the “use of reason does not belong everywhere”?

Question 3

Krishna

Answer 3

Who proclaims “I am what surveys!”

Question 4

Socrates

Answer 4

Who is called a torpedo fish?

Question 5

Anytus

Answer 5

Who suggests that it is easier to get hurt or do men harm in Athens than any city in the world?

Question 6

Monotheism

Answer 6

The charge of impiety(non-allegiance to gods of the state) maybe due to Socrates’ belief in ____

Question 7

Love & Hate

Answer 7

Buddha: true liberty or freedom is attained when we ____ nothing.

Question 8

Lying

Answer 8

Like Einstein and Kant, the Buddha emphasizes the importance of speaking truth and not ____

Question 9

Teleology

Answer 9

Utilitarianism relies on ____ when it focuses on the ends or fruitsof one’s work or actions.

Question 10

Bhagavadgita

Answer 10

This encourages people to “renounce the fruits of [one’s] work.”

Question 11

Sunyata

Answer 11

Absolute emptiness, nothingness; “perceive[ing]void”(…like the taste of water)

Question 12

Dharma

Answer 12

The Hindu(Sanskrit) conception of or word for duty.

Question 13

Deon

Answer 13

The Greek(Hellenic) conception of or word for duty.

Question 14

Socrates

Answer 14

The unexamined life is not worth living; A good [person] cannot be harmed in life or death”

Question 15

Happiness

Answer 15

Millsuggests that the principle of utility may be also considered ‘the greatest _____ principle.’

Question 16

What is thepossible distinction(suggested by Whitehead)between religion and theology(or, the study of ‘god’)?

Answer 16

Religion may need the concept of god, but the concept ofgod does not need religion.Specifically: ‘The concept of God [may be] an essential element in religious feeling, but religious feeling is not an essential element in the concept of God’s function in the universe’

Question 17

Define Epistemology

Answer 17

The study of knowledge (or, the science of what we can know and how we can know it)

Question 18

In 3 sentences or less, explain Socratic epistemology:

Answer 18

The soul is immortal and in the eternal World of Forms it ‘saw’ all eternal ideas and perfect truths. Here in the temporal (non-eternal) world, by philosophizing and asking questions, one’s soul beginsrecollectingthose truths which it has forgotten: “All enquiry and all learning is but recollection”

Question 19

Categorical Imperative

Answer 19

Act as if the maxim of your action were to become by your will a universal law of nature

Question 20

Recite the four Noble Truthsof the Buddha

Answer 20

1.Life is suffering (dukkha).2.Suffering is caused by ignorant lust/desire/craving/thirst (tanha).3.The way to eliminate suffering is to eliminate ignorant lust.(“Beset with lust …. drive out thirst,”p. 42)4.The Eight-Fold Path

Question 21

Name and describe two of the ways (or paths)

Answer 21

1.Right Speech: e.g., speak the truth(p. 26); don’t lie(p. 21); talkless(pp. 16, 32); don’t speak in anger(p. 28)2.Right Effort: e.g., hard it is to live the life of the monastery; difficult it is to share all things equally

Question 22

Why does Socrates believe that becoming perplexed(stunned or ‘torpified’) is beneficial andeven‘necessary’?

Answer 22

Be becoming perplexed or confused (through questioning) one may at least learn what one does not know…and, thereby, no longer perpetuate (“tell all the world”) those mistakes or falsehoods

Question 23

Which theological, ‘religious,’or ethical traditionemphasizes the importance of yajna?

Answer 23

Hinduism