ethics quiz 2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Pantheism
God is in all things
Nature
Spinoza: “____ has not particular goal.”
Evil
What does Spinoza call every pain that frustrates our endeavors.
Law
Aristotle: The Greek word for “money” (nomisma) is rooted in the Greek word for ____.
Cruelty
Spinoza: Reciprocating someone who gives you love with hatred toward that person
Autonomy
Aristotle: self govern
Doubt
Spinoza: vacillation (or ambivalence) is to emotions as ____ is to imagination.
Law
A difference between Distributive Justice and Corrective Justice would be the necessity of _.
Time
Spinoza: “… we imagine ____, (for the fact that we imagine bodies to be moved).”
Darwin
I’d rather be descended from that brave little monkey, than [one] who treats wives like slaves.’
Recite the conatus
“Everything, in so far as it is in itself, endeavors to persist in its own being.”
What is the difference between a Moral Choice and a Wish?
We can wish for impossibilities, but make moral choices for possible outcomes: “Moral Choice has for its objects not impossibilities … Wish may have impossible things for its object”
What is the difference between a Moral Choice and Opinion?
We hold opinions about topics or actions that we do not know or have no knowledge, but make moral choices toward outcomes we know to be beneficial: “we choose such things as we know to be good, but form opinions respecting such as we do not know at all”
What would ‘one who splits something in half’ have to do with a “judge”?
The god/dess, Dikè (Justice; dikaion), balances transgressions with proportional punishments as if the two were equal halves weighed on a balance scale. So, ‘one who splits something in half’ (‘dichast’) is like a ‘judge’ (‘dikast’). Aristotle points out the names of these two persons are homonyms (or rhymes) in Greek.
According to Aristotle, what is exceptional about theft, adultery, and homicide (or murder)?
These deeds are exceptions to the Golden Mean because that are always wrong regardless of/in how little/deficit they are done. Doing just a little is still always bad: “adultery, theft, homicide; for all these…are blamed because they are in themselves bad, not the having too much or too little of them”
According to Thomas Aquinas, what do these three specific exceptions in Aristotle suggest?
SIN:
“All of these … are evil in themselves … in such things a person cannot be virtuous no matter how [one] acts, but [one] always sins in doing them … sin is present whenever any of these is present…”
According to Spinoza, why does god love you?
Strictly speaking, God does not love or hate anyone” (The Ethics, Part 5, Prop. 17, Corollary, p. 184); Or: One “who loves God, cannot endeavor that God should love [that one] in return” (Part 5, Prop. 19, p. 185); Or: “God, in so far as [it] loves [god]self loves [hu]man[ity]…the love of God toward [humans] and the [human] intellectual love of the mind toward God are identical”
List the Four Aristotelean causes and (b) give an example of each:
- Formal Cause – e.g., The Idea [or form] of ‘House-ness’
- Material Cause – e.g., Wood, stone, metal, stuff, matter, etc.
- Efficient Cause – e.g., Carpenter, architect, engineer, laborer, worker, bricklayer, designer 4. Final Cause – e.g., Shelter, protection, warmth, etc.
With which of these is Spinoza in most disagreement?
“final causes are mere human figments”
With which of these is Spinoza perhaps in most agreement?
Efficient; and perhaps Formal (as adequate Ideas)
According to Spinoza, can animals (or “beasts”) “feel”?
Yes, “beasts feel”
What is the “Chief Good” for Aristotle?
Happiness [Eudaimonia]
Why is Aristotle’s answer to 19(a) not Pleasure?
Several possible answers: pleasure needs an “addition” to become “more choiceworthy”; seems available to “animals” devoid of intellect; is a “movement” and so “imperfect”; can be mere “sensation” or bodily, and “exists” only “in present moment” or temporary
MISTAKES:IMAGINATION
CORRECTIONS:UNDERSTANDING
