Ethnicity

Question 1

Modood - religous decline

Answer 1

Modood found that the more generations there are in a religion the lower religous participation gets

Question 2

Cultural defense

Answer 2

Ethnic minorities will create their own religon to protect their culture against marginalisation and racism from other groups. As seen in the rise of Pentecostalism in african communities

Question 3

Cultural transition

Answer 3

Groups will join religous groups to feel they fit in with the community. Bruce belives once they have intergrated into the community they feel closer to society and therefore leave - might explain modoods findings

Question 4

Marxist view

Answer 4

Ethnic minority is often working class therefore religion acts as opium of masses providing temporary highs to distract from oppression

Question 5

Weber

Answer 5

Religions like Pentecostalism attract ethnic minorities as they feel marginalised by society as they provide support and ways to escape marginalisation. Furthermore protensent work ethic helps them build wealth and escape poverty

Question 6

Declining attendance

Answer 6

Moodood found that the more generations of a religon there are in a society the lower religous participation gets.

Question 7

Bruce - why religous groups are more religous

Answer 7

Cultural defense groups set up religons to defend their culture protecting themselves from marginalisation seen in society. E.g. creation of pentecostalism
Cultural transition - helps ethnic minorities assimilate into the new culture as they can socially network at congregations. As people intergrate further they leave the religon (Moodood)