ethnicity

Question 1

cultural explanation

Answer 1

-sewell, lack of father figures and hyper-masculine peer pressure (black boys)

-murray, single parent house and cultural deprivation

Question 2

structural/marxist

Answer 2

-castles and kosack, reserve army of labour racism divides working class

-miles, racialised class fractions use racism to create division

Question 3

neo marxist

Answer 3

-hall et al, black youth moral panic policing the crisis

-gilroy, “black atlantic” black identity is transnational

Question 4

institutional racism

Answer 4

philips and bowling, over policing and under protecting black communities