Ethnicity - external

Question 1

47% of …

Answer 1

African-Caribbean students got 5 A*-C GCSE’s compared with national average of 56%

Question 2

what group are most likely to be excluded from school?

Answer 2

black male students

Question 3

what % of Chinese and Indian students attained 5 A*-C GCSE’s in 2014?

Answer 3

74% and 73%

Question 4

What evidence supports the fact that Pakistani students perform the poorest among Asian ethnic groups?

Answer 4

51% got 5 A*-C in 2014

Question 5

What do Bereiter and Engelmann claim about the language spoken by low-income black US families?

Answer 5

inadequate for educational success - ungrammatical, disjointed and incapable of expressing abstract ideas

Question 6

how does socialisation disadvantage black children according to CD theorists?

Answer 6

some are socialised into a subculture that instils a fatalistic attitude that doesn’t value education.

Question 7

what is the reason for failure to socialise children adequately?

Answer 7

dysfunctional family structure

Question 8

According to Moynihan why are black chilren deprived of adequate care?

Answer 8

many are headed by lone mother - she struggles financially in absence of male breadwinner. This absence also means boys lack male role model.

Question 9

how is CD a cycle according to Moynihan?

Answer 9

inadequately socialised children fail at school and become inadequate parents themselves.

Question 10

what does Murray claim the reasons for underachievement of EM are?

Answer 10

high rates of lone parenthood and lack of positive male role model.

Question 11

what affects differences in ethnic achievement according to PRYCE?

Answer 11

Asians are high achievers because their culture is more resistant to racism and gives them greater sense of self-worth.
black Caribbean culture is less cohesive and resistant to racism so black students have low self-esteem and underachieve.

Question 12

why is black culture less resistant than Asian culture according to PRYCE?

Answer 12

experience of slavery was culturally devastating for blacks. Being transported and sold meant they lost language, religion and entire family system. Asian family structures, languages and religions weren’t destroyed by colonial rule.

Question 13

What does SEWELL disagree with MURRAY about?

Answer 13

it isn’t the absence of fathers as role models that = black boys underachieving but the lack of fatherly nurturing/tough love. makes it hard for black boys to overcome emotional/behavioural difficulties of adolescence.

Question 14

how does the absence of the nurturing father affect black boys?

Answer 14

turn to street gangs of other fatherless black boys who offer ‘perverse loyalty and love’ and present boys with a media-inspired role model of anti-school black masculinity.

Question 15

how did the academically successful black boys interviewed by SEWELL feel?

Answer 15

greatest barrier to success was pressure from other boys. Speaking in Standard English was viewed with suspicion and seen as ‘selling out’ to white esttablishment.

Question 16

what do Indian/Chinese pupils benefit from according ot Sewell?

Answer 16

supportive families woth ‘Asian work ethic’ and high value on education

Question 17

According to LUPTON why do Asians fare better educationally?

Answer 17

the adult authority in their families is similar to the model operating in schools. respectful behaviour towards adults was expected. parents supportive of school behavioural policies.

Question 18

What did LUPTON find in study of 4 W/C schools?

Answer 18

teachers reported poorer levels of behaviour and discipline in white W/C schools, despite having fewer children on FSM. Teachers blamed this on low levels of parental support and negative attitudes towards ed.
EM parents saw ed as a ‘way up in society’.

Question 19

why does DRIVER criticise the CD theory?

Answer 19

ignores positive effects of ethnicity on achievement. He shows black Caribbean family provides girls with postive role models of strong independent women.

Question 20

Why does LAWRENCE challenge PRYCE’s view?

Answer 20

black pupils underachieve because of racism not becuase their culture is weak/lack of self-esteem.

Question 21

what does KEDDIE think of CD?

Answer 21

victim-blaming explanation. argues EM are culturally different>deprived. they underachieve because schools are ethnocentric

Question 22

why do critics of CD oppose compensatory education?

Answer 22

see it as an attempt to impose dominant white culture on children who already have coherent culture

Question 23

why might MD be more important than CD?

Answer 23

Indian children are less likely to be in poverty than Pakistani and Bangladeshi.

Question 24

According to Palmer how many EM children live in low income families?

Answer 24

1/2

Question 25

what are the three external factors affecting ethnicity and achievement?

Answer 25

CD, MD, racism in wider society

Question 26

why might EM be at greater risk of the MD that results from unemployment, low pay, overcrowding

Answer 26

many live in economically depressed areas
cultural factors e.g. tradition of purdah - muslim women cannot work outside of home.
asylum seekers may not be able to get jobs
lack of language skills/foreign qualifications

Question 27

in 2011 what % of Bangladeshi and Indian children were entitled to FSM?

Answer 27

49% and 9%

Question 28

what evidence shows that Chinese pupils who experience MD do better than most?

Answer 28

86% of Chinese girls on FSM achieved 5 A*-C compared with 65% of white girls not on FSM

Question 29

what does Modood conclude about MD and CD?

Answer 29

while W/C children generally did less well, the effects of low income were much less for ethnic groups than for whites.

Question 30

what does WOOD et al’s study show about another external factor?

Answer 30

Rascism in wider society
sent 3 closely matched job applications to 1000 job vacancies.
1 application = white name. 2 = EM
1/16 EM applications were offered interview compared with 1/9 white applications.