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EDUCATION - Millie > post 2010 educational policy > Flashcards

post 2010 educational policy Flashcards

1
Q

what parties made up the 2010 coalition gov?

A

liberal democrats and conservatives

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2
Q

what were the coalition govs policies influenced by?

A

neoliberal and New Right ideas about reducing the role of the state in the provision of ed. through marketisation and privatisation

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3
Q

what year were schools encouraged to leave LA control and become academies?

A

2010

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4
Q

what was the Academies Act?

A
  • all ‘outstanding’ faith and state schools could become academies. This encouraged privatisation because it positively encouraged businesses to invest in/ run academies
  • authorised creation of ‘free schools’
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5
Q

what are free schools?

A

state-funded schools controlled by parents, teachers, faith organisations and business> LEA.
able to create admission policies so can practise selection.

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6
Q

how many free schools were there by 2014?

A

331

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7
Q

supporters of free schools claim:

A

they improve educational standards by taking control away from the state and giving power to parents.
give parents and teachers opportunity to create school if they are unhappy with local state schools.

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8
Q

what evidence shows that free schools take fewer disadvantaged children?

A

2011 - 6.4% of pupils at Bristol Free School = FSM compared with 22.5% of pupils across the city as a whole.

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9
Q

why does ALLEN criticise free schools?

A

research from Sweden where 20% of schools = free schools shows they only benefit children from highly educated families. are socially divisive

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10
Q

why have Charter schools in USA (similar to free schools) been criticised?

A

raising standards only through strict pupil selection and exclusion policies.

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11
Q

what are academies?

A

funding provided directly by central gov. and have control over curriculum

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12
Q

how many schools = academies by 2012?

A

50%

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13
Q

why are the academies encouraged by the coaltion gov. different from Labour’s ‘city academies’?

A

Labour’s targeted disadvantaged schools and areas by the Coaltion allowed any school to become an academy, removing the focus on reducing inequality.

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14
Q

According to BALL, what has promoting academies and free schools led to?

A

fragmentation and centralisation of control over educational provision

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15
Q

what does BALL mean by fragmentalisation?

A

the comprehensive system is being replaced by patchwork of diverse provision, much involving private providers.

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16
Q

what does BALL mean by centralisation of control?

A

central gov. has the power to allow/require schools to become academies or allow free schools to be set up. They are funded by central gov. Their rapid growth has reduced the role of elected LA in education

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17
Q

when was Aim Higher and EMA ended?

A

Aim Higher - 2010

EMA - 2011

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18
Q

what two policies did the Coalition gov. introduce to reduce inequality?

A

FSM for children in reception, yr 1 and yr 2

Pupil premium introduced - money schools receive for every disadvantaged pupil.

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19
Q

why is Pupil Premium criticised?

A

Ofsted - in many cases Pupil Premium isn’t spent on those it’s supposed to help.
1/10 head teachers said it significantly changed how they supported disadvantaged pupils

20
Q

what happened between 2010-2012?

A

500 Sure Start centres closed

21
Q

why might W/C students have been disadvantaged as a result of the downgrading of vocational qualifications?T

A

they couldn’t be used to boost school’s position on a league table so teaching standards weren’t as important and schools may have stopped teaching them all together.

22
Q

what does privatisation involve?

A

the transfer of public assests such as schools to private companies

23
Q

as a result of privatisation, education has become a source of profit for capitalists in what BALL calls …

A

the ‘education services industry’

24
Q

what do large-scale school building projects often involve?

A

public-private partnerships

25
Q

what do PPPs involve?

A

private sector companies provide capital to design, build, finance and operate educational services.
contracts last 25 years - local council pays a monthly lease and management fee out of public funds

26
Q

what is meant by the blurring of the public/private boundary?

A

senior officials in public sector e.g. head teachers, leave to set up/work for private sector education businesses which then bid for contracts to provide services to schools/LA.

27
Q

what does POLLACK believe the blurring of public/private boundary create?

A

the flow of personnel allows companies to buy insider knowledge to help win contracts as well as side-stepping LA democracy.

28
Q

how does the private sector pentrate schools indirectly?

A

vending machines on school premises and development of brand loyalty through displays of logos and sponsorships ‘cola-isation of schools’.

29
Q

why are schools targeted by private companies according to MOLNAR?

A

by their nature they carry enormous good will and can confer legitimacy on anything associated with them

30
Q

what evidence shows that the benefit to schools of private sector involvement is limited?

A

BALL - pupils would have to eat 5440 chocolate bars to qualify for a set of volleyball posts
BEDER - UK families spent £110,000 in Tesco for a single computer.

31
Q

what does HALL see Coalition gov policies as part of?

A

the long march of the neoliberal revolution

32
Q

how do Marxists view the neoliberal claim that privatisation and competition drives up standards?

A

myth used to legitimate the turning of education into a source of private property.

33
Q

what did the Conservative gov. do in 2016?

A

higher education grants for the very poorest students were replaced with loans.

34
Q

examples of the privatisation of education?

A
  • Ofsted inspections contracted out to 3 private companies (2013)
  • Private Finance Initiative
  • supply teachers provided by agencies
  • educational conferences for students and teachers
35
Q

why do New Right sociologists support privatisation?

A

state services are inefficient and wasteful
only private companies competing in unregulated market can provide cheap ed. services to a high standard and meet the variety of educational needs

36
Q

what is one danger of privatisation?

A

it may no longer be seen as a human right - it will become a commodity with the ‘best’ education being too expensive for ordinary people.

37
Q

what is the problem with student premium according to RATCLIFFE?

A

used by schools to plug the gap left by austerity cuts>for the benefit of disadvantaged children as intended.

38
Q

what are the impacts of globalisation on educational policy?

A
  • GB economy operates in global market and needs skilled/qualified workers to compete with foreign businesses.
    KELLEY: in the past 30 years policy has become increasingly geared to global economic competitiveness. Politicians often refer to England’s position in international league tables to justify claims that schools are underperforming
  • Education is impacted by the flow of ideas globally - led to a more multicultural curriculum and practices such as free schools, which have supposedly worked in other societies.
39
Q

examples of globalisation and UK education:

A

BALL - GB public schools/universities market themselves to a global audience by setting up overseas branches in China, Russia etc.

  • GB exam boards offer International GCSE’s and A-Levels to students in 160+ countries
  • many private companies in the education services industry = foreign-owned. Edexcel is owned by US Pearson
40
Q

why does HOLBORN suggest globalisation may have positive effects on GB ed. system?

A

increased migration = multicultural curriculum, thus promoting racial/ethnic tolerance. May lead to increased emphasis on equality of opportunity as gov. seeks to capitalise on the talents of every individual to make the country more competivie in global marketplace

41
Q

who distinguishes between exogenous and endogenous privatisation?

A

BALL and YOUDELL

42
Q

what is exogenous privatisation?

A

privatisation from outside

43
Q

what is endogenous privatisation?

A

privatisation from within

44
Q

what is included in exogenous privatisation?

A
  • setting up of academies: 10% of their funding from businesses or charities, which increases the influence of private interests
  • building and maintaining schools: private finance initiative
  • running exams systems: UK’s largest examinations body Edexcel is run by the Global Corporation Pearsons
  • Expansion of the Education Services Industry: more International Corporations involved in education e.g. google/apple
45
Q

what is meant by endogenous privatisation?

A

introduction of free-market principles into the day to day running of schools. e.g. marketisation

46
Q

what are examples of endogenous privatisation?

A
  • Making schools compete for pupils so they become like businesses
  • Giving parents choice so they become consumers (open enrolment)
  • Linking school funding to success rates (formula funding)

EDUCATION - Millie (15 decks)

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