ethnicity patterns

Question 1

points

Answer 1

-real ethnic differences (LR) relative dep
-RR- inadequate soc
-social construction-labelling GILROY
-marxism hall et al

Question 2

ethnic differences
LR relative dep

Answer 2

LEA AND YOUNG difference in stats reflect real differences in offending
crime is product of relative deprivation
racism led to economic exclusion of EMs
media emphasis on consumerism eg pr, influencers promotes sense of relative dep
sets goals that for disadvantaged groups are unrealistic due to discrimination, eg racism in wider society makes harder to get jobs
LEA AND YOUNG acknowledge that police racism led to unjustified criminalisation but cannot fully explain Em offending levels
as even if police are selectively racist, unlikely to account for ethnic differences in stats- significant

Question 3

ethnic differences AO3

Answer 3

alternative- demographic factors
EMS overrepresented in groups likely to be stopped and searched regardless of ethnicity eg young, unemployed living in urban areas so stopped more
differences may be exaggerated

Question 4

social construction GILROY

Answer 4

GILROY argues black criminality is a myth fuelled by racist stereotypes
black groups no more criminal, stats are product of labelling
EM crime is a form of political resistance against racist society
has roots in earlier struggles against british emperialism
black people originated in former british colonies, anti colonial struggles taught how to resist oppression
faced racism in britain and adopted same forms of struggle eg riots and demostrations, struggle criminalised by british state

Question 5

GILROY AO3

Answer 5

Lea and Young- 1st gen immigrants were law abiding so unlikely anticolonial struggle was tradition passed through generations
gilroy romanticises street crime as revolutionary

Question 6

hall et al- marxism

Answer 6

1970s saw moral panic over black muggers serving interests of capitalism, normally rc able to rule through consent
howeve during tough times, in this case high unemployment and rising protest may have to use force to keep control
force needs to be seen as legitimate or will be met with resistance
no evidence of increase in mugging, soon associated with black youth in the media
black mugger served as scapegoat to distract attention from real cause of unemployment- capitalism crisis
divided (and conquered) WC makes them seem as if they commit more crime, consent for harsher rule

Question 7

Hall et al AO3

Answer 7

Downes and Rock- they are inconsistent in black street crime was not rising, but also was rising because of unemployment
do not show how capitalist crisis led to moral panic or provide evidence that public were panicking