ETOH Flashcards
(41 cards)
Where can ETOH travel in the body?
Everywhere water travels and across BBB (because it is so small) even though it is water soluble
Do women or men have a lower total body water content? fat content?
women - lower water content (small volume of distribution) and higher fat content
two ways ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde (resp. for hangover)?
alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (for chronic/binging)
acute ETOH ingestion affect on GABA, dopamine, ACh, and ADH?
- potentiates GABA (inhibitory NT)
- increased dopamine
- inhibits ACh (sedation/delirium)
- Inhibits ADH (diuretic)
low level of acute ETOH ingestion effects on CNS
sedation
anxiety relief
sense of well being
euphoria
moderate levels of acute ETOH ingestion effects on CNS
decreased attention
decreased info processing
decreased motor skills
high level of acute ETOH ingestion effects on CNS
slurred speech ataxia impaired judgement disinhibited behavior coma respiratory depression death
ETOH acute & chronic affects on heart?
acute: decreased contractility with moderate amounts
chronic: dilated/congestive cardiomyopathy, arrythmias (binging/withdrawl), HTN (if greater than 3 drinks a day)
ETOH acute affects on smooth muscles?
vascular smooth mm relaxation/dilation (hypothermia in OD)
ETOH acute affects on GI?
acute: acute pancreatitis, gastritis, upper GI bleed
Chronic: chronic pancreatitis (most common cause), protein malnutrition (decreased food intake), vitamin deficiency (irritates intestine lining/pancreas so less pancreatic enzyme released)
chronic effects of ETOH on CNS?
withdrawl/addiction
bilateral peripheral neuropathy (thiamine deficiency)** common
ataxia (cerebellum) & dementia (cortex)
Wernicke-korsakoff
blurred vision/optic nerve degeneration (irreversible)
what is wrench-korsakoff syndrome?
medical emergency (or death)
wernicke encephalopathy: paralysis of eye muscles, ataxia, confusion from thiamine deficiency (tx with thiamine)
korsakoff’s: psychosis/dementia with confusion and impaired memory
chronic effects of ETOH on liver?
most common medical complication of ETOH abuse
alcoholic fatty liver (reversible) to hepatitis to fibrosis to cirrhosis to liver failure
increased risk if: long use, heavy use, woman, or Hx of Hep B or C
Chronic GI effects of ETOH?
chronic pancreatitis (most common cause)
protein malnutrition
chronic effect on bone marrow/blood?
mild anemia (from folic acid deficiency)
iron deficiency anemia (from GI bleed)
thrombocytopenia (first line to decrease due to direct effect)
*severe heavy use can reduce ALL cell lines eventually
chronic endocrine effects of ETOH
gynecomastia
testicular atrophy
hypoglycemia (inhibits gluconeogenesis)
chronic effects of ETOH on fetus?
teratogen/fetal alcohol syndrome:
growth retardation low birth weight microcephaly poor coordination flattened face cog. disabilities congenital heart abnormalities
chronic effects of ETOH on immune system?
increased risk of infection (pneumonia)
hyperactivity with inflammatory liver/pancreas damage
chronic effects of ETOH on cancer?
mouth larynx pharynx esophagus liver breast
ETOH inhibits the metabolism of which drugs?
sedative hypnotics
phenothiazine
TCADs
tylenol (acetaminophen)
ETOH increases the effect of what drugs?
vasodilators and hypoglycemics
Result of combining ETOH and CNS depressants?
sedation or fatal CNS depression
Why shouldn’t you mix ETOH and tylenol? What is the max dosage of tylenol for drinkers? how many drinks a day increases risk for hepatotoxicity from acetaminophen?
acetaminophen is metabolized to a toxic compound (the liver usually breaks this down quickly), if it is busy metabolizing ETOH than the toxic compound can’t be metabolized and quickly damages liver
max dose 2 mg per day
3 drinks per day increases risk for liver damages
describe stage 1 of acute alcohol withdrawal (onset and Sx)
0-8 hours tachycardia mild tremors nausea nervousness
