Eugenics and Dalton

Question 1

Anthropometric Library

Answer 1

Exhibition, by Galton, where visitors administered neurophysiologically based tests - prototypes for modern intelligence tests.

Question 2

Social Darwinism

Answer 2

Political systems and societies, like animal species, evolve because of natural selection.

Question 3

Herbert Spencer

Answer 3

Coined survival of the fittest. Promoted social darwinism.

Question 4

Plato

Answer 4

“The best men must have intercourse with the best women as frequently as possible, and the opposite is true of the very inferior.” Book Plato’s Republic

Question 5

Galton

Answer 5

Eugenics plus so many other things (regression, correlation and gobs of other good stuff. Was religious but then went full in on fit marrying fit.)

Question 6

Positive eugenics

Answer 6

Promote the “best” breeding with the best

Question 7

Negative eugenics

Answer 7

Cull or prevent the “worse” or least desirable from procreating

Question 8

Difference between eugenicists and social Darwinism

Answer 8

Eugenicists argued that social policy required to improve the state. Social Darwinism argued that competition would result in optimal state. You could almost look at eugenics like artificial selection (dictated) and social darwinism is like natural selection (let the environment do it’s thing)

Question 9

Supporters of Eugenics

Answer 9

Well, Bell, Keynes, Kellogg

Question 10

Types of Eugenic social policies

Answer 10

Promoting differential birth rates
Compulsory sterilization (For even things like anxiety)
Mariage restrictions
Genetic screening
Immigration control
Segregation (racial as well as segregation of the mentally ill from the “normal”)
Extermination

Question 11

List of pros of genetic engineering

Answer 11

Choose desired characteristics
Sex of baby can be chosen thous tis is arguably a negative as well
can prevent genetic disease
Will lower risk of disease overall in future generations
May increase life expectancy
Prevent some forms of discrimination

Question 12

List of cons of genetic engineering

Answer 12

Unethical
Is the technology well developed
Can harm be caused to the embryo or mother
People with disabilities may feel devalued in society
Financial limitations can only the rich has a designer baby? Is that a problem?
Widening of societal gaps
Many genetic diseases not fully understood?
Is this a slipper slope.

Question 13

Argued that IQ scores show that Causcasians outscore other ethnicities - may seem socially unacceptable, but white people are genetically superior in terms of intelligence. (Failed to consider the role of socioeconomic status, now recognized as an important influence on IQ scores)

Answer 13

Book called “The Bell Curve” by Herrnstein and Murray” Problematic book

Question 14

IQ Tests

Answer 14

Problematic based on socioethics. Example tribes with no number systems. Education and socioeconomic status. Where you live matters. In USA, living in a poor city means poorer education. People of ethnic diversity are more likely to live in poorer communities.

Question 15

Western race science professor or “race realism”. Sows impact of flawed science lingers on, even after qualified scholars have condemned it’s scientific integrity. Academic freedom is disrespected and abused when it is used to promote the dissemination of racist and discriminatory concepts. Scientists have an obligation to society to speak loudly and actively in opposition of such abuse

Answer 15

Statement by Wester about Dr. Philippe Rushton.

Question 16

Danger of eugenics

Answer 16

Raise the possibility of corruption and atrocity towards fellow human beings.

Question 17

The sight of a peacock makes me ill

Answer 17

Darwin quote

Question 18

Cultural Determinism

Answer 18

The culture in which we are raised determines who we are at emotional and behavioural levels. (contrast to genetic determinism) ANY deterministic view that fails to respect individual rights are equally wrong. ex behaviourism

Question 19

Genetic determinism

Answer 19

Biologically inherited traits and the environmental influences that affect those traits dominate who we are (opposed to cultural determinism) ANY deterministic view that fails to respect individual rights are equally wrong. Eugenics

Question 20

Time period where Europeans move away from genetic determinism and North American focus on associative learning/ehaviurism

Answer 20

1940’s

Question 21

Little Albert Father of Behaviourism Don’t coddle kids dude. Kids committed suicide. “Give me a dozen healthy infants, …I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist…”

Answer 21

Watson

Question 22

Operant Conditioning

Answer 22

Skinner

Question 23

Standard Social Science Model SSSM

Answer 23

After WW2. Rise of civil liberties for racial minorities and women. Theories developed to make racism and sexism as untenable as possible. Downplay or denial of inherent differences among individuals.

1Humans are BLANK SLATES. Tabula Rasa.
2Human behaviour is indefinitely malleable. No biological constraints.
3culture exists independently of people.
4Human behaviour is determined by a process of learning, socialization or indoctrination.
5Learning processes are general; can be applied to a variety of phenomena.
6NON_EVOLUTIONARY

Question 24

Started Empirism, the mind as a Tabula Rasa

Answer 24

John Lock. What comes after nativism

Question 25

Misinterpretation of Darwin

Answer 25

SSSM was partially in response to the extreme claims of biological determinists in the late 19th and 20th century. Darwin's work incorrectly cited as evidence that some races are more "highly evolved than others. Western-style IQ tests used. Darwinian theory explicitly denies the idea that some organisms are "more evolved." Ex Humans are no descended from chimps, both are descended from a common ancestor.

Question 26

Sociobiology

Answer 26

An attempt to account for social behavioural traits as a the result of individual but interacting genes tending to replicate themselves throughout successive generations There is expected "pushback" on this ... suspicious that it's a rebrand of eugenics. Grew out of ethology - Lorenz, Timbergen and VonFrisch. What it gets right - applies an evolutionary framework. But also learning.

Question 27

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 27

A recently developed broad sub discipline of psychology that draws on all aspects of modern evolutionary theory to devise testable hypotheses about human behaviour. Some people think that this is a rebrand of sociobiology and thus a re-rebrand of eugenics. Different in that it adopts a cognitive level of explanation, but with evolutionary framework. Mate Choice, parental-offspring conflict foraging (Like sociobiologists). Memory Perception reasoning. (Like cognitive psychologists)

Question 28

Biggest name in Sociobiology

Answer 28

E.O. Wilson

Question 29

The Adapted Mind/Start of evolutionary psychology person.

Answer 29

Barkow