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TAS Infection And Immunity ✅ > Eukaryotes ✅ > Flashcards

Eukaryotes ✅ Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the types of eukaryotic organisms?

A
  • Protozoa
  • Fungi
  • Helminths
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2
Q

Where is the DNA of a eukaryotic organism?

A

Contained within a nucleus

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3
Q

What are protozoa?

A

Unicellular organisms

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4
Q

Describe the structure of a protozoa?

A

The cytoplasm is surrounded by a plasma membrane, which may have external structures

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5
Q

What external structures might the cell membrane of a protozoa have?

A
  • Cell wall

- Flagella

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6
Q

What is the purpose of a cell wall in protozoa?

A

Enable it to survive outside of the host

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7
Q

Give an example of a protozoa with a cell wall?

A

Giardia intestinalis

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8
Q

What is the purpose of a flagella in protozoa?

A

Propel the protozoa

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9
Q

Give an example of a protozoa with a flagella?

A

Leishmania

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10
Q

What can protozoa be divided into?

A
  • Spore forming (sporozoa)
  • Flagellates
  • Ameboid
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11
Q

Give 2 examples of spore-forming protozoa

A
  • Plasmodium

- Toxoplasma gondii

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12
Q

Give 2 example of flagellate protozoa

A
  • Giardia intestinalis

- Trichomonas

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13
Q

Give an example of an amoeboid protozoa?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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14
Q

What does entamoeba histolytica cause?

A

Amoebic dysentery or liver abscess

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15
Q

How do protozoa reproduce?

A

Sexually and/or binary fission

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16
Q

What might the life cycle of protozoa involve?

A

Vectors

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17
Q

Give an example of a protozoa whose life cycle involves vectors?

A

Plasmodium

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18
Q

What is the vector for Plasmodium parasites?

A

Mosquitoes

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19
Q

Give an example of a waterborne protozoa

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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20
Q

What is meant by fungi being saprophytes?

A

They live off dead matter in soil and water

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21
Q

Does the cell wall of fungi contain peptidoglycan?

A

No

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22
Q

What is the implication of the cell wall of fungi not containing peptidoglycan?

A

Fungi are not sensitive to antibiotics that inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis

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23
Q

What does the cell wall of a fungi contain?

A
  • Chitin polysaccharide
  • ß-glucan
  • Ergosterol
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24
Q

What is the implication of the ß-glucan and ergosterol in the cell wall of fungi?

A

They can be targeted by various anti-fungal drugs

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25
What can fungi be classified into?
- Yeasts - Moulds - Dimorphic fungi
26
What are yeasts?
Simple unicellular organisms
27
How do years reproduce?
Asexual budding
28
What yeast is responsible for most disease caused by yeasts in human?
Candida albicans
29
What structure is produced by moulds as they grow?
Branching filamentous hyphae
30
What is the role of the branching filamentous hyphae of mould?
Assists with reproduction and acquisition of nutrients
31
What allows moulds to colonise new environments?
They produce germinative spores
32
How can germinative spores of moulds be pathogenic?
They can be inhaled
33
Give an example of a mould that can cause disease when inhaled?
Aspergillus fumigatus
34
Who can the airborne spores of Aspergillus cause disease in when inhaled?
Immunocompromised hosts
35
What are dimorphic fungi?
Fungi that take the form of moulds at room temperature, but transform into yeasts at body temperature
36
Give an example of a dimorphic fungi
Histoplasma capsulatum
37
Who might histoplasmosis capsulatum cause disease in?
Individuals with HIV infection
38
What are fungal infections known as?
Mycoses
39
Where do fungi most often cause infection?
Superficial infections localised to epidermis, hair, and nails
40
What is a fungal infection of the epidermis known as?
- Tinea corporis if affects body | - Tina pedis if affects feet
41
What is a fungal infection of the hair known as?
Tinea capitis
42
What is a fungal infection of the nails known as?
Tinea unguium
43
What may all forms of tines affecting the skin be referred to as?
Ringworm
44
What is ringworm typically caused by?
Dermatophytes
45
What fungal groups do dermatophytes belong to?
- Trichophyton - Microsporum - Epidermophyton
46
When can system fungal infection occur?
In immunocompromised hosts
47
What are helminths?
Complex multicellular parasitic worms
48
How big are helminths?
Range in size from microscopic filarial parasites to tapeworms several metres in length
49
How do helminths reproduce?
Sexually
50
Do helminths cause acute or chronic disease?
Typically cause chronic disease
51
What can helminths be classified into?
- Nematodes | - Platyhelminths
52
What are nematodes also known as?
Round worms
53
What are platyhelminths also known as?
Flatworms
54
What can platyhelminths be divided into?
- Cestodes | - Trematodes
55
What are cestodes also known as?
Tapeworms
56
What are trematodes also known as?
Flukes
57
What do nematodes look like?
Worms
58
Where do nematodes cause infection?
- Intestine - Blood - Tissues
59
Give a nematode causing infection in the intestine?
Enterobius vermitcularis
60
What does enterobius vermicularis cause?
Pruritis ani in children
61
Give an example of a nematode that causes infection in the blood?
Wuchereria bancrofti
61
Give an example of a nematode that causes infection in the blood?
Wuchereria bancrofti
62
What class of nematode is Wuchereria bancrofti?
Filaria
63
What does Wuchereria bancrofti cause?
Lymphatic filariasis
64
Give an example of a nematode that infects tissues?
Onchocerca volvulus
65
What does Onchocerca volvulus cause?
River blindness
66
Give 2 examples of cestodes
- Taenia solium | - T. saginata
67
What do cestodes look like?
Ribbon
68
How long can cestodes grow?
Up to 10m in length
69
How do humans become infected with cestodes?
The excreted eggs are ingested by an intermediate host, such as a cow or a pig, and humans become infected by eating meat from this animal
70
What do trematodes look like?
Flat, leaf-like organisms
71
What is the intermediate host for trematodes?
Freshwater snails
72
Give a medically important species of trematodes
Schistosoma

TAS Infection And Immunity ✅ (14 decks)

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