Eukaryotes

Question 1

Earliest eukaryote fossils said to be how old?

Answer 1

1.85 bya

Question 2

earliest eukaryotes were said to be ?

Answer 2

unicellular

Question 3

Did early eukaryotes have cell walls?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

Mitochondria duplicate like ______? (similar to bacteria)

Answer 4

bacteria, binary fission

Question 5

All eukaryotes have this organelle _____

Answer 5

mitochondria

Question 6

Most eukaryotes have how many genomes?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

Photosynthetic eukaryotes have at least how many genomes?

Answer 7

3

Question 8

How many endosymbiotic events are there said to have taken place?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

What genes are required to make peptidoglycan?

Answer 9

Mur genes. some plastids still retain this

Question 10

What are protists

Answer 10

eukaryotes that are neither a plant or animal or fungus

Question 11

Describe the Bikonta supergroup

Answer 11

Bi=two flagella, but some are nonmotile. Photosyntheitc

Question 12

Describe the Unikonta supergroup

Answer 12

Non-photosynthetic, more basal

Question 13

SAR (Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizara) are all closely related, but which two are sister groups?

Answer 13

Stramenopiles and Rhizara

Question 14

Sar is photosynthetic?

Answer 14

All have some photosynthetic and some nonphotosynthetic

Question 15

Name the 3 groups within Stramenopiles

Answer 15

Brown algae, diatoms, oomycytes

Question 16

Describe Stramenopiles

Answer 16

TWO funny flagellun. No amitochondriate species known.

Question 17

Describe Diatoms

Answer 17

mostly unicellular, sometimes in simple chains, have shells, chlorophyll a and c. photosynthetic

Question 18

Describe Oomycytes

Answer 18

fungal like water mold looking thing. No photosynthesis, chemohetertotrophic. Decomposers and pathogens. SExual and asexual

Question 19

Describe Brown Algae

Answer 19

Almost exclusively marine, brown color from carotenoid pigment in chloroplasts, chlorophyll a and c

Question 20

What large catastrophic event in history is associated with Oomycytes?

Answer 20

The Irish Potato Blight

Question 21

Generally describe Alveolata

Answer 21

unicellular protists both heterotrophic and photosynthetic with alveoli covering.

Question 22

Name the 3 Alveolata groups

Answer 22

Ciliates, dinoflagellates, Apicomplexans

Question 23

Alveoli make a “________” appearance

Answer 23

quilted

Question 24

Do alveolates have any amitochondriate species?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

Describe Ciliates

Answer 25

two nuclei and chemoheterotrophic i.e Paramecium

Question 26

Describe Dinoflagellates

Answer 26

mostly unicellular but some colonies, armored, two flagella shaped like T. plankton. Some photoautotrophic, some chemohetertotrophic. Some are photobionts. Some have chlorophyll c. Red tide.

Question 27

Describe Apicomplexa

Answer 27

Protists that are parasites of animals. They produce a unique organelle called an apicoplast surrounded by 3 or 4 membranes . Unicellular, spore forming

Question 28

What is an apicoplast

Answer 28

nonphotosynthetic plastid used for penetration of host cells, unique to acomplexians. perhaps evolved from chloroplasts

Question 29

How were apicoplasts derived?

Answer 29

Homologous to plastids in Dinoflagellates, likely evolved by secondary endosymbiosis with a red alga

Question 30

Describe the Plasmodium life cycle

Answer 30

zygote is only diploid stage. Infectious stage is the sporozoite. Sexual reproduction in mosquitos, asexual in humans

Question 31

What is Toxoplasma Gondii

Answer 31

intracellular parasitic acomplexian

Question 32

How is Toxoplasma gondii acquired

Answer 32

consuming contaminated food/water

Question 33

What kind of effects does Toxoplasma gondii have on animals/humans?

Answer 33

psychological. may be linked to alzheimers or epilepsy

Question 34

In what animal can toxoplasma gondii reproduce sexually?

Answer 34

cats

Question 35

Describe Rhizaria and how they move

Answer 35

unicells that move by amoeboid

Question 36

Describe how Rhizaria tend to eat

Answer 36

feed with pseudopodia on other single celled organisms

Question 37

are there any multicellular Rhizaria?

Answer 37

no

Question 38

What 5 groups make up Bikonts?

Answer 38

Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizaria, Plants, excavates

Question 39

What 2 groups make up Unikonts?

Answer 39

Opisthokonts and Amoebazoans

Question 40

What 3 groups were covered for Stramenopiles?

Answer 40

Diatoms, Brown Algae, and oomycytes

Question 41

What 3 groups were covered for Alveolates?

Answer 41

ciliates, dinoflagellates, apicomplexa

Question 42

Which SAR group has amitochondriate species known?

Answer 42

Rhizaria