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Biodiversity Exam 1 > Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Eukaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

Earliest eukaryote fossils said to be how old?

A

1.85 bya

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2
Q

earliest eukaryotes were said to be ?

A

unicellular

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3
Q

Did early eukaryotes have cell walls?

A

no

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4
Q

Mitochondria duplicate like ______? (similar to bacteria)

A

bacteria, binary fission

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5
Q

All eukaryotes have this organelle _____

A

mitochondria

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6
Q

Most eukaryotes have how many genomes?

A

2

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7
Q

Photosynthetic eukaryotes have at least how many genomes?

A

3

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8
Q

How many endosymbiotic events are there said to have taken place?

A

2

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9
Q

What genes are required to make peptidoglycan?

A

Mur genes. some plastids still retain this

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10
Q

What are protists

A

eukaryotes that are neither a plant or animal or fungus

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11
Q

Describe the Bikonta supergroup

A

Bi=two flagella, but some are nonmotile. Photosyntheitc

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12
Q

Describe the Unikonta supergroup

A

Non-photosynthetic, more basal

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13
Q

SAR (Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizara) are all closely related, but which two are sister groups?

A

Stramenopiles and Rhizara

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14
Q

Sar is photosynthetic?

A

All have some photosynthetic and some nonphotosynthetic

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15
Q

Name the 3 groups within Stramenopiles

A

Brown algae, diatoms, oomycytes

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16
Q

Describe Stramenopiles

A

TWO funny flagellun. No amitochondriate species known.

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17
Q

Describe Diatoms

A

mostly unicellular, sometimes in simple chains, have shells, chlorophyll a and c. photosynthetic

18
Q

Describe Oomycytes

A

fungal like water mold looking thing. No photosynthesis, chemohetertotrophic. Decomposers and pathogens. SExual and asexual

19
Q

Describe Brown Algae

A

Almost exclusively marine, brown color from carotenoid pigment in chloroplasts, chlorophyll a and c

20
Q

What large catastrophic event in history is associated with Oomycytes?

A

The Irish Potato Blight

21
Q

Generally describe Alveolata

A

unicellular protists both heterotrophic and photosynthetic with alveoli covering.

22
Q

Name the 3 Alveolata groups

A

Ciliates, dinoflagellates, Apicomplexans

23
Q

Alveoli make a “________” appearance

A

quilted

24
Q

Do alveolates have any amitochondriate species?

A

No

25
Q

Describe Ciliates

A

two nuclei and chemoheterotrophic i.e Paramecium

26
Q

Describe Dinoflagellates

A

mostly unicellular but some colonies, armored, two flagella shaped like T. plankton. Some photoautotrophic, some chemohetertotrophic. Some are photobionts. Some have chlorophyll c. Red tide.

27
Q

Describe Apicomplexa

A

Protists that are parasites of animals. They produce a unique organelle called an apicoplast surrounded by 3 or 4 membranes . Unicellular, spore forming

28
Q

What is an apicoplast

A

nonphotosynthetic plastid used for penetration of host cells, unique to acomplexians. perhaps evolved from chloroplasts

29
Q

How were apicoplasts derived?

A

Homologous to plastids in Dinoflagellates, likely evolved by secondary endosymbiosis with a red alga

30
Q

Describe the Plasmodium life cycle

A

zygote is only diploid stage. Infectious stage is the sporozoite. Sexual reproduction in mosquitos, asexual in humans

31
Q

What is Toxoplasma Gondii

A

intracellular parasitic acomplexian

32
Q

How is Toxoplasma gondii acquired

A

consuming contaminated food/water

33
Q

What kind of effects does Toxoplasma gondii have on animals/humans?

A

psychological. may be linked to alzheimers or epilepsy

34
Q

In what animal can toxoplasma gondii reproduce sexually?

A

cats

35
Q

Describe Rhizaria and how they move

A

unicells that move by amoeboid

36
Q

Describe how Rhizaria tend to eat

A

feed with pseudopodia on other single celled organisms

37
Q

are there any multicellular Rhizaria?

A

no

38
Q

What 5 groups make up Bikonts?

A

Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizaria, Plants, excavates

39
Q

What 2 groups make up Unikonts?

A

Opisthokonts and Amoebazoans

40
Q

What 3 groups were covered for Stramenopiles?

A

Diatoms, Brown Algae, and oomycytes

41
Q

What 3 groups were covered for Alveolates?

A

ciliates, dinoflagellates, apicomplexa

42
Q

Which SAR group has amitochondriate species known?

A

Rhizaria

Biodiversity Exam 1 (4 decks)

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