Eukaryotes Flashcards
which groups of microbes are eukaryotes
fungi, algae, protist, micro-animals
how did eukaryotes used to divided into groups
protist, fungi, plants, animals, which was based of characteristics
how are eukaryotes now classified
excavata- flagellate protoza
amoebozoa- ameoboids and slime moulds
opisthokonta- fungi, animals, etc
rhizaria- amoeboids
chromalveolate- brown elgae, diatoms
-archaeplastida- plants, green algea, etc,
protist
-unicellular eukaryote microbe
-not a formal taxonomic name (any more)
-environmental or pathogenic
-includes plant like algae, animal like protozoans, fungus like
-complex life cycle
animal like protozoans
-protist
-zooplankton- motile non photosynthetic drifting or floating in water
plant like algae
-protist
-photosynthetic
-unicellular or multicellular
-phytoplankton (drifting or floating in water)
how do unicellular eukaryote microbes have complex life cycles
-asexual stages
-sexual stages
-trophozoites (metabolically active form)
-cyst (dormant form, survive harsh conditions)
amoebozoa
-amoeboid movement
-pseupodia produced by actin microfilament
-commensal and parasitic species
-eumyctozoa (slime moulds)
-previously classified as animals, fungi and plants
-divided into 2: cellular and plasmodial
-cellular=unicellular can aggregate into mobile slugs
-plasmodial=large multinucleate cells
when you think about the purpose of function of a protist “cyst” what bacterial cellular type would if be most comparable to
endospore
chromalveolata
-united by simular origins of their plastids
-membrane bound organelles
-apicomplexans
-ciliates
-oomycetes
apicomplexan
-chromalveolata group
-apical complex at one end of the cell
-which is a concentration of organelles, vacuoles and microtubules
-complex life cycle
-plasmodium=malaria
ciliates
-chromalveolata
-large and diverse group
-presents of cilia on their cell surface
-locomotion and feeding
-fake mouth that allows them to eat
-paramecium
Oomycetes
-chromaleolata
-water moulds
-not fungi
-differences: cellulose cell wall and diploid
what is a distinguishing feature of apicomplexin
apical complex at the end of the cell
excavata
-complex cell shapes and surface
-depression on the surface of the cell (excavate)
-primitive eukaryotes
-parasites with limited metabolic abilities
fornicata
-excavata
-lack mitochondria but have flagella
-gardia lamblia
-old eukaryote
parabasalia
-excavata
-animal endosybionts (found in termites and roaches)
-basal bodies
-modified mitochondria
-undulating membrane and many flagella
trichomonas vaginalis
euglenozoa
-excavata
-photosynthetic and non photosynthetic species
-euglena
-two flagella, a pellicle, a stigma (eyespot) and chloroplasts
-pellicle a series of protein bands: provide supports and gives cell shape (like plastic wrap)
if you discovered a new excavata lacking mitochondria what group would you put it in
fronicata
fungi
-hetrotrophic
-dont produce there own energy
-saprophytic (extracellular digestion leading to decay of organic matter)
-macroscopic: mushrooms and moulds
-microscopic (unicellular yeast and spores of fungi)
fungi moulds
-multicellular
-filaments: hyphae
-tangled network: mycelium and form the thallus
-walls between cells: septate hyphae
-lack walls or cell membrane: nonseptate or coencytic hyphae
fungi yeast
-unicellular
-budding yeast
-reproduce asexually: budding off a smaller daughter cell
-cells stick together as short chains or pseudohypha
fungi dimorphic
-Dr. jekyll (mould) mr. hyde (yeast) of the fungi
-grow mould at 25 cel
-grow yeast at 37 cel
-has characteristics of mould and yeast
unique features of fungi
-chitin cell wall (not cellulose like plants and protists)
-cell membrane: ergosterols (not cholesterol found in animals)
-unique and complex life cycle
-reproduce sexually and asexually
