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Core concepts: Cell structure > Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells > Flashcards

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

Contains a true nucleus
Contains membrane-bound organelles

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2
Q

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

A

Organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria were originally free-living prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells were engulfed by a cell through endocytosis, gaining an additional membrane

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3
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

Single-celled organisms lacking membrane-bound organelles, such as nuclei, with DNA free in the cytoplasm

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4
Q

How big is a prokaryote?

A

1-10µm

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5
Q

How big is a eukaryote?

A

10-100µm

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6
Q

Are prokaryotes unicellular or multicellular?

A

Unicellular

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7
Q

Are eukaryotes unicellular or multicellular?

A

Mostly multicellular
Except Protoctista

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8
Q

Is the nucleus absent or present in prokaryotes?

A

Absent

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9
Q

Is the nucleus absent or present in eukaryotes?

A

Present

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10
Q

What is DNA in prokaryotes?

A

Circular DNA found free within the cytoplasm not bound to histone proteins

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11
Q

What is DNA in eukaryotes?

A

Linear DNA bound to histone proteins found within the nucleus as chromosomes

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12
Q

What are ribosomes in prokaryotes?

A

Small (70S); free in cytoplasm

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13
Q

What are ribosomes in eukaryotes?

A

Larger (80S); free in cytoplasm or attached to ER

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14
Q

What is cell division in prokaryotes?

A

Cell divides by binary fission

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15
Q

What is cell division in eukaryotes?

A

Cell divides by mitosis or meiosis

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16
Q

Are membrane bound organelles absent or present in prokaryotes?

A

Absent

17
Q

Are membrane bound organelles absent or present in eukaryotes?

A

Present

18
Q

What is the cell wall made from in eukaryotes?

A

Cellulose in plants; chitin in fungi

19
Q

Are capsule present in prokaryotes?

A

Present
Capsule provides additional protection

20
Q

Are capsule present in eukaryotes?

A

Absent

21
Q

Are plasmids present in prokaryotes?

A

May be present

22
Q

Are plasmids present in eukaryotes?

A

Absent

23
Q

Where is the site of respiration in prokaryotes?

A

Mesosome

24
Q

Where is the site of respiration in eukaryotes?

A

Mitochondria

Core concepts: Cell structure (19 decks)

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