eukaryotic cell organelles

Question 1

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 1

The DNA

Question 2

What does the DNA determine?

Answer 2

The development, structure and function of the cell

Question 3

What is the nucleus bound by?

Answer 3

A double membrane, the nuclear envelope which has nuclear pores allowing communication with the cytoplasm

Question 4

What does the linear DNA associate with?

Answer 4

Proteins called histones and one or more nucleoli

Question 5

What does DNA form in dividing cells?

Answer 5

Chromosomes

Question 6

What process does the nucleus control?

Answer 6

Protein synthesis

Question 7

What are ribosomes made of?

Answer 7

Protein and ribosomal RNA

Question 8

Where are ribosomes present?

Answer 8

In the cytoplasm or attached to the RER

Question 9

What are ribosomes used in?

Answer 9

Protein synthesis, joining amino acids together

Question 10

What does the endoplasmic reticulum consist of?

Answer 10

Flattened membrane sacs which form an internal transport system in the cell

Question 11

What does the surface of the RER have on it?

Answer 11

Ribosomes that produce secretory proteins

Question 12

Where are these secretory proteins sent?

Answer 12

To the Golgi apparatus for modification and packaging

Question 13

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum lack?

Answer 13

Ribosomes

Question 14

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum involved in instead?

Answer 14

The production and transport of lipids

Question 15

What does the Golgi apparatus consist of?

Answer 15

Flattened membrane sacs

Question 16

What are the functions of the Golgi?

Answer 16

Transport and modification of proteins

Question 17

What does the Golgi produce?

Answer 17

Lysosomes- a type of Golgi vesicle that releases lysozymes

Question 18

Where is the Golgi apparatus abundant?

Answer 18

In secretory cells

Question 19

What are lysosomes?

Answer 19

Simple sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes surrounded by a single membrane

Question 20

Why do lysosomal enzymes need to be kept away from the rest of the cell?

Answer 20

It would destroy it

Question 21

Where are lysosomes formed?

Answer 21

By the Golgi apparatus

Question 22

What are the functions of lysosomes?

Answer 22

Digestion of material taken in by phagocytosis, non-functioning organelles within the cell may be taken in and digested, release of enzymes outside the cell

Question 23

What process are the mitochondria involved in?

Answer 23

Aerobic respiration which produces ATP

Question 24

What are mitochondria bounded by?

Answer 24

Two membranes forming an envelope around an inner matrix

Question 25

What is in between the outer smooth layer and the inner folded membrane of the mitochondria?

Answer 25

The inter-membrane space

Question 26

What is a cristae?

Answer 26

The folds of the inner membrane

Question 27

What does the matrix contain?

Answer 27

Enzymes for respiration, DNA and ribosomes

Question 28

Why do some cells have more mitochondria?

Answer 28

They require larger amounts of ATP

Question 29

Where are chloroplasts found?

Answer 29

Photosynthetic plant cells and algae cells

Question 30

What does the chloroplast consist of?

Answer 30

Flattened biconvex discs surrounded by an envelope consisting of two membranes

Question 31

What is a thylakoid?

Answer 31

A membrane system consisting of many flattened sacs which in places form grana

Question 32

What do granum provide?

Answer 32

A large surface area for the chlorophyll molecules

Question 33

What do chlorophyll molecules do?

Answer 33

Absorb light for photosynthesis

Question 34

What is the membrane system surrounded by?

Answer 34

The stroma

Question 35

What is the role of the stroma?

Answer 35

They contain enzymes, sugars and starch granules