Eukaryotic Cell Structure Flashcards
(9 cards)
1
Q
What is the term used to refer to the flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein?
A
The central dogma
2
Q
Describe some of the features of prokaryotic cell structure
A
- simple composition
- genetic material folded into a nucleoid
- no nuclear membrane
- few internal membranes
- cell size is limited
3
Q
Describe some of the limitations of prokaryotic cell size
A
- the surface area to volume ratio is vital when cells exchange compounds
- the diffusion rates of molecules
- the need for high concentrations of compounds and enzymes
4
Q
What is the benefit of compartmentalisation?
A
It allows all the enzymes and compounds necessary for a process to be localised and concentrated
5
Q
What is a biomolecular condensate?
A
A large aggregate of phase-separated macromolecules that creates a region with a special biochemistry without the use of an encapsulating membrane
6
Q
Describe some of the features of biomolecular condensates
A
- formed by liquid-liquid phase separation
- condensate formation requires scaffolds e.g. nucleic acids or proteins
- scaffold can form multiple weak, fluctuating binding interactions within themselves, they aggregate
- recruit specific proteins and nucleic acids into the condensates as client proteins
- highly dynamic and reversible properties
- condensates of different properties can coexist as part of a larger structure
- liquid-like behaviour
7
Q
Describe some of the features of the nucleus
A
- Its nuclear envelope has 2 membranes (outer and inner)
- perinuclear space (20 -40nm)
8
Q
Where are proteins made?
A
In the cytosol
9
Q
A
