Eukaryotic Cell Structure Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the different structures of a eukaryotic cell?
- Cell-surface membrane
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Golgi apparatus / vesicles
- Lysosomes
- Ribosomes
- Rough / smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Cell wall
- Cell vacuole
- Chloroplasts
Draw the cell surface membrane.
What is the structure of the cell surface membrane?
- Phospholipids and proteins forming a bilayer.
- Partially permeable.
What is the function of the cell surface membrane?
- Regulates and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
- Receptor molecules respond to chemicals like hormones.
Draw the cell wall.
What is the structure of the cell wall?
- Rigid structure.
- Plants and algae: mostly made out of cellulose.
- Fungi: mostly made out of chitin.
What is the function of the cell wall?
- Provides structural support to the cell.
- Prevents the cell from changing shape.
Draw the vacuole.
What is the structure of the vacuole?
- Membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of plant cells.
- Contains cell sap (a weak solution of sugar and salts).
- In plants: surrounded by the tonoplast which is / has a partially permeable membrane.
What is the function of the vacuole?
- Helps maintain pressure in the cell.
- Helps keep the plant rigid to stop it from wilting.
- Involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell.
Draw the nucleus.
What is the structure of the nucleus?
- Nuclear pores allow mRNA and ribosomes to travel out of the nucleus, as well as allowing enzymes (e.g. DNA polymerase) and signalling molecules to travel in.
- Contains chromatin (material which chromosomes are made from)
- Chromosomes are made of sections of linear DNA tightly wound around proteins called histones. - Contains nucleolus?
What is the function of the nucleus?
- Controls cell activities e.g. growth, division and protein synthesis.
- Contains cells DNA organised in chromosomes.
- Cell replication, transcription and RNA processing.
Draw ribosomes.
What is the structure of ribosomes?
- Made up of proteins and (r)RNA.
- Either floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
- It is not surrounded by a membrane.
- Comprised of a large subunit and a small subunit.
What is the function of ribosomes?
- The site of protein synthesis.
Draw a mitochondria.
What is the structure of the mitochondria?
- Have a double membrane with the inner one folded to form structures called cristae.
- Inside is the matrix, which contains enzymes involved in respiration.
- Comprised of phospholipids.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
- Site of aerobic respiration.
- Aerobic respiration produces ATP.
Draw a chloroplast.
What is the structure of chloroplast?
- Surrounded by a double membrane.
- Has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes which are stacked in some places to form gana. Gana are linked together by lamellae (thin, flat piece of thylakoid membrane).
- Small circular pieces of DNA and ribosomes used to synthesis proteins.
What is the function of chloroplast?
- Site of photosynthesis (some parts of photosynthesis happen in the grand whilst other parts happen in the stroma).
Draw a lysosome.
What is the structure of lysosomes?
- A round organelle surrounded by a membrane.
- Specialised forms of vesicles which contain hydrologic enzymes (enzymes that break biological molecules down.
