Eukaryotic Genetic Regulation Flashcards
(11 cards)
1
Q
The principle that all nucleated cells have exactly the same DNA
A
Genomic equivalence
2
Q
Genes are expressed differently based on where they are in the genome
A
Position effect
3
Q
Examples of Cis-Acting Elements
A
Enhancer and promoter regions
4
Q
Common Trans-Acting Factor Domains
A
- Helix-turn-helix (homeotic genes)
- Zinc-finger (zinc between Cys and His residues)
- Leucine Zipper (proto-oncogenes)
- Homeodomain (used for development)
5
Q
Transcription factors are sensitive to…
A
methylation, particularly of C (or T)
6
Q
Involved with the attachment of RNA Polymerase
A
Promoter regions
7
Q
Used to control initiation of transcription
A
Enhancer regions
8
Q
Sex-determination in Drosophila
A
- If X concentration is high, then sex lethal (sxl) is present
- If sxl is present, then it BLOCKS male-specific splicing sites leading to female functional transformed (tra) protein (E1E3) instead of male non-functional protein (E1E2-E3 –> E1E2)
- If functional tra is present, then it DIRECTS female-specific splicing on the doublesex (dsx) gene, which yields the female-specific protein (D1D2-D3 –> D1D2), and if the non-functional tra protein is present, it leads to the male-specific protein (D1D3)
- The sex-specific proteins from dsx act as trascription factors for sex-specific genes
9
Q
Enzymatic reaction hides the ribosome-binding site on mRNA
A
Masked or Untranslated mRNAs
10
Q
Rate control of mRNA translation using wobble
A
mRNA Codon Usage
11
Q
Post-Translational Regulation Examples (5)
A
- Polyproteins (Divide the chain into multiple proteins)
- Activation (Control rate of enzyme activation; e.g. zymogens)
- Inhibition (Masking or destroying active enzymes)
- Protein Stability (Some proteins age quicker)
- Protein Transport (Some proteins don’t function until they are in the correct location)
