European Architecture

Question 1

Why was the S. Maria delle Carceri built?

Answer 1

A boy had a vision of the Virgin Mary

Question 2

How are Classical elements of the S. Maria delle Carceri emphasised?

Answer 2

Use of dark strips of stone

Question 3

Is there a purpose for the pediment over the door of the S. Maria delle Carceri?

Answer 3

No, it is purely ornamental

Question 4

What function does the S. Maria delle Carceri have?

Answer 4

It is a pilgrimage church

Question 5

What form does the S. Maria delle Carceri have?

Answer 5

Greek cross plan

Question 6

What plan church began to b dedicated to the Virgin Mary?

Answer 6

Greek cross plan

Question 7

What is an aedicule?

Answer 7

Two columns or pilasters and a pediment over an opening, door or a window (a representation, in minaiture, of a temple front)

Question 8

How did Palladio view architecture?

Answer 8

A representational art

Question 9

What did Palladio consider Classical ornament to be based on?

Answer 9

Wooden structural forms

Question 10

Who designed the entrance for the Porta Pia?

Answer 10

Michelangelo

Question 11

What could ‘Mannerist’ mean referring to the Porta Pia?

Answer 11

1) undermining of idea that the pilaster is holding form or 2) ornament which is just made up has no precedent at all

Question 12

When was the Villa Rotunda built?

Answer 12

1565

Question 13

How did Flötner depict ‘savage’ pre-historic men in his illustrations for Vitruvius’ ‘The origin of Dwellings’?

Answer 13

Classical figures

Question 14

How did Goujon learn most of his knowledge of Classical architecture?

Answer 14

Reading, he had never been to Fome before any of his projects were completed

Question 15

Who designed the Banqueting House?

Answer 15

Indigo Jones

Question 16

Who designed the Church of the Visitation?

Answer 16

François Mansart

Question 17

Who designed the allegorical statues for Newgate Prison and the shackled figure outside Bethlam Royal Hospital?

Answer 17

Fails Gabriel Cibber

Question 18

Who designed Somerset House?

Answer 18

William Chambers

Question 19

Who design Burlington House?

Answer 19

Lord Burlington

Question 20

What is he term for a semi-circular window divided into three parts by two vertical lines?

Answer 20

Diocletian or thermal

Question 21

What is the term for a three-part window with the middle part arched and wider than the others?

Answer 21

Serliana

Question 22

Who designed the Villa Rotinda?

Answer 22

Palladio

Question 23

What period of architecture does Neoclassicism refer to?

Answer 23

Later 18th century

Question 24

How could you describe Neoclassicism?

Answer 24

It is a faithful and obvious adherence to ancient prototypes

Question 25

What did Neoclassicism reject?

Answer 25

It rejects lavish dolays of classical ornament for the sake of an austere, volumetric simplicity

Question 26

What was Laugier opposed to?

Answer 26

Unnecessary ornamentation

Question 27

Who was Laugier influenced by?

Answer 27

John Soane

Question 28

How did Laugier view pilasters?

Answer 28

'Bizarre'

Question 29

What surprising example of Antiquity did Nicholas Revett use in 'The Antiquities of Athens'?

Answer 29

'Tower of the Winds'

Question 30

Who designed Strawberry Hill?

Answer 30

William Chambers

Question 31

Who designed the Bank of England that was demolished in the 1920s?

Answer 31

John Soane

Question 32

What are pendentives?

Answer 32

Triangular segments of a sphere that taper to points at the bottom and spread at the top to establish the continuous circular or elliptical base needed for the dome

Question 33

What are pendentives for?

Answer 33

They act as a transition between a square space and a round dome

Question 34

Who designed the Rotunda in the Bank of England, and when?

Answer 34

Robert Taylor, 1765

Question 35

When was the S. Maria delle Carceri built?

Answer 35

1485