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PD STUDY GUIDE > Evaluating & Monitoring your Patient SG > Flashcards

Evaluating & Monitoring your Patient SG Flashcards

1
Q

Pre-treatment Evaluation of your Patient

  1. What is pre-dialysis evaluation?
A
  1. review of the patients health before treatment begins

2. compares current health status to previous evaluations

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2
Q

Pre-treatment Evaluation of your Patient

  1. Why is the pre-evaluation of your dialysis patient needed?
A
  1. to determine if the patient is stable to receive treatment
  2. has there been any changes in health status
  3. provide baseline data to plan for a safe treatment
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3
Q

describe universal precautions:

A

the steps we take with all patient contact to decrease the risk of spreading infection to protect our patients and ourselves

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4
Q

What are the 3 C’s of patient evaluation?

A

Condition
complaints
changes

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5
Q

The condition of a patient is based on general findings of each of the following?

A
  1. Ambulation
  2. Mental status and mood
  3. Skin
  4. vital signs
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6
Q

ambulation:

What should you look for?

A

gait changes, use of any assistive devices, ROM, and energy level

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7
Q

Mental Status and Mood:

What should you look for?

A

aaox3

any changes in usual mood

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8
Q

Skin:

What should you look for?

A

color

integrity

temperature

edema

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9
Q

Vital Signs

What should you look for?

A

weight

BP

HR

Respirations

temperature

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10
Q

What is an EDW?

A

a patients weight with excess fluid removed

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11
Q

When is the Rn required to assess the patients pre-treatment weight?

A

if the pretreatment weight is 4kg above the EDW

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12
Q

What does the blood pressure measure?

A

measurement of the pressure or force of blood against the walls of the arteries

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13
Q

When do you report a blood pressure to the Rn

A

SBP <100 or > 200 DBP > 100

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14
Q

when do you report a HR to the RN?

A

new onset of HR less than 60 or greater than 100 or irregular

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15
Q

When do you report a respiratory rate to the RN?

A

greater than 24

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16
Q

true or false

does a dialysis patient maintain an average temperature

A

false

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17
Q

When do you report a temperature a temperature to the RN

A

less than 96

or = 100

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18
Q

name some important complaints that you need to report to the RN

A
  1. dizziness
  2. chest pain
  3. SOB
  4. any new complaints
  5. a visit to the ED or hospital stay
  6. weakness
  7. numbness and tingling
  8. fever and chills
  9. depression
  10. pain
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19
Q

What changes do you report to the RN

A

new meds or visits to the ED or hospital stay

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20
Q

communication of ALL abnormal findings are required to ensure ______

A

patient safety

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21
Q

What are your state specific guidelines on when a patient needs a pre-dialysis assessment

A

Tennessee requires that all patients need an assessment

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22
Q

Name the ABC’s of a patient assessment

A

Access
breathing
cardiac

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23
Q

Access:

describe what to look for:

A

bruises

redness

drainage

swelling

bruit

thrill

pain

bleeding

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24
Q

Breathing:

describe what to look for?

A

rate

rhythm

quality

SOB

breath sounds

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25
Q

cardiac

describe what to look for?

A

skin color and turgor

heart sounds

pulse rate

rhythm and quality

edema

pain

SOB

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26
Q

Why do patients experience crackles (rales) breath sounds?

A

indicates fluid or congestion in the lungs

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27
Q

Name some reasons for an abnormal heart rate?

A

can indicate chemical imbalances or adverse effects from medications

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28
Q

assessment of _____ is essential when you are evaluating a patient’s cardiovascular system?

A

EDEMA

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29
Q

name some places that fluid may get trapped

A 
abdomen
lungs
feet
legs
hands
face
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30
Q

_____ refers to the identification made when you press your finger or thumb into the tissue of edema and it ranges from 1-4

A

PITTING

31
Q

If you have a red light such as a complaint, __ ____, start the treatment until _______.

A

DO NOT start the treatment until THE RN HAS DONE A FULL ASSESSMENT ON THE PATIENT

32
Q

Name what verifies the correct patients dialysis prescription?

A
  1. patients identity
  2. prescribed dialyzer
  3. prescribed dialysate
  4. prescribed needle size
  5. special attention orders
  6. SVS or UF profiling
  7. prescribed heparin dose
  8. OLC volume / tests entered
  9. prescribed dialysate rate
  10. prescribed base sodium
  11. prescribed bicarbonate
33
Q

Name the important information programmed into the machine.

A
  1. prescribed treatment time
  2. UF goal entered correctly
  3. prescribed BFR
  4. prescribed DFR
  5. OLC volume
  6. Na modeling or UF profile
34
Q

name the final dialysis machine safety checks

A
  1. dialysate temperature
  2. dialysate pH and conductivity
  3. NS double clamped
  4. alarm and pressure holding tests passed
  5. final check of blood circuit
35
Q

______ is our priority and the major reason we monitor our patients

A

Patient safety

36
Q

as fluid shifts during dialysis, changes in ____ and _______ can occur.

A

Blood Pressure

Fluid and Electrolyte balance

37
Q

Who is responsible for monitoring patients?

A

everyone

38
Q

The PCT must take _______ action if he or she identifies a potential problem

A

Immediate

39
Q

The RN must respond to _______ or PCT notifications and assess the patients.

A

complaints

40
Q

Why does a patient’s face and vascular access need to be visible at all times?

A
  1. it is a CMS requirement
  2. to identify any changes in patient awareness
  3. a covered access can result in major blood loss
41
Q

monitoring red flags to report to the RN immediately would be:

A
  1. severe hypertension greater than 200
  2. severe hypotension less than 80
  3. new onset of pulse less than 60 or greater than 100
  4. irregular heart rate
  5. temp less than 96 and =100

and the RN’s response should be to assess the pt, provide intervention, call the DR

42
Q

it is important to monitor the vascular access by observing if the needle site is _____, ensure that the needles and lines are _____ and that the _______ device is in place for a CVC.

A

bleeding

secure

hemoclip

43
Q

name 4 non-verbal behaviors that may indicate a change in the patients status or discomfort:

A
  1. restless
  2. grimacing
  3. excessive yawning
  4. is patient alert, drowsy, sleepy
44
Q

Name 5 changes you should educate your patient to report immediately

A
  1. discomfort at needle sites
  2. muscle cramps
  3. headache dizzy blurred vision
  4. nausea vomiting
  5. fever chills chest pain sob
45
Q

name 4 machine readings we verify at every safety check

A

BFR
DFR
AP
VP

46
Q

describe what the arterial pressure reading reflect:

A

refers to the pressure in the system from the patients vascular access to the blood pump

47
Q

potential complications of high arterial pressure is _____ _____ and ______.

A

inadequate dialysis

hemolysis

48
Q

name 5 reasons for high arterial pressure

A
  1. a kink in the arterial lines
  2. poor cardiac status
  3. blood pump speed too much for blood viscosity
  4. high BFR though a small needle gauge
  5. blood pump speed too much for vascular access
49
Q

low arterial pressure could indicate a line ________ , air , decreased blood pump speed or a wet ______.

A

separation

transducer

50
Q

describe what the venous pressure reading reflects:

A

the pressure in the circuit after the dialyzer and before it re-enters the patient

51
Q

name 5 causes for low venous pressure

A
  1. blood line separation
  2. needle dislodgment
  3. decreased BFR
  4. clotting before the monitoring site
  5. wet transducer
52
Q

high venous pressure can be caused by an occlusion in the lines between ________ and _______ or an _______ of the venous needle, poor CVC function or clotting in the access or ______.

A

monitoring site

venous needle

infiltrate

dialyzer

53
Q

_________ is one of the most important functions of the dialysis treatment

A

fluid removal

54
Q

fluid removal can also be monitored by using a _____ ______ or CLM

A

critline monitor

55
Q

describe the 3 profiles that CLM provides:

Profile A:

A

flat or positive slope indicating UF and plasma refilling were equivalent during treatment . An increase in UFR may be appropriate.

56
Q

describe the 3 profiles that CLM provides:

Profile B:

A

is a gradual slope indicating the best compromise between a high UFR and prevention of symptoms during treatment

57
Q

describe the 3 profiles that CLM provides:

Profile C:

A

is a steep slope indicating a rapid decrease in blood volume and the patient is more likely to experience complications and intervention is required.

58
Q

The adequacy management program (AMP) ensures our patients receive _____ dialysis every treatment

A

adequate

59
Q

Kt/V represents a formula used to calculate adequacy by
K= ____
t= _____
V= _____

A 
k= clearance
t= time
v= volume
60
Q

The FMC target for hemodialysis

single pool/ spKt/V is _____.

A

1.4

61
Q

Describe the AMP lights meaning:

Red:

A

the machine is in alarm mode

62
Q

Describe the AMP lights meaning:

yellow:

A

means take action, the treatment will not meet our goal of 1.4 spKt/V

63
Q

Describe the AMP lights meaning:

Green:

A

means the patient will meet our goal of 1.4 spKt/V

64
Q

The extracorporeal circuit (ECC) circulates blood from _______ to the ______ back to _______.

A

the patients vascular access

to the dialyzer

back to the patient via the vascular access

65
Q

monitoring the circuit includes:

A
  1. the entire circuit is visible
  2. lines allow the pts position to change
  3. all connections are correct and secure
  4. lines are secure in machine guides
  5. venous line in venous clamp
  6. chambers are filled adequately
  7. NS is double clamped and contains 300ml
  8. hansens are correctly connected to the dialyzer
  9. transducers are dry and unclamped
  10. heparin is infusing at prescribed rate
66
Q

safety checks are done which include vital signs, vascular access checks, and machine checks must be done every ____ minutes unless the patient becomes unstable, then it increases to every ____ minutes until the patient becomes stable.

A

30 minutes

5 minutes

67
Q

Name the safety check information that is documented in chairside:

A
  1. vas access is secure, visible no bleeding or infiltrates.
  2. BP and pulse
  3. BFR and DFR
  4. AP/ VP
  5. UF rate and UF removed
  6. rate of heparin infusion

7, most recent KECN and AMP light status

68
Q

We also document the _______ to dialysis and note if there is a change in the condition or response

A

patients response

69
Q

record your ______ to alarms, changes in vital signs, changes in treatment parameters, and machine adjustments.

A

interventions

70
Q

Effective documentation should be:

A
  1. objective
  2. legible
  3. specific
  4. unaltered,
  5. consistent
  6. chronological
71
Q

name who is responsible to document in the patients medical record

A
  1. nephrologist
  2. RN
  3. LPN
  4. PCT/CCHT
  5. RD
  6. SW
72
Q

name 3 locations were we provide documentation:

A
  1. chairside
  2. eCube
  3. paper chart
73
Q

Why is accurate documentation important?

A

communication evidence of care rendered and patients response, the chart is a legal document

PD STUDY GUIDE (19 decks)

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