Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

List of Muscles > Every Muscle > Flashcards

Every Muscle Flashcards

(133 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

External Abdominal Oblique

A

Origin: By interdigitating slips from the external surfaces of the lower 8 ribs
Insertion: abdominal aponeurosis, anterior aspect of the outer lip of the iliac crest
Nerve: Intercostal nerves 7-12
Function: Bilateral action: Flexion of the vertebral column
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column toward the opposite side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Internal Abdominal Oblique

A

Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of the middle lip of the iliac crest, the lateral half of the inguinal ligament
Insertion: Inferior aspect of the costal cartilages of the last 3-4 ribs, via aponeurosis into the rectus sheath, pectineal line of the pubic bone
Nerve: Intercostal nerves 8-12, Iliohypogastric nerve, Ilioinguinal nerve
Function: Bilateral action: Flexion of the vertebral column
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column toward the same side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Origin: Pisiform bone and Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
Insertion: Ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of 5th digit and Aponeurosis of the extensor digiti minimi
Peripheral Nerve: Ulnar Nerve
Nerve Root: C8-T1
Function: Abduction and Flexion of the 5th MCP joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi (Foot)

A

Origin: Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus, Flexor retinaculum, and Plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Peripheral Nerve: Lateral plantar nerve
Nerve Root: S1-S2
Function: Abducts and flexes 5th digit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

Origin: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, Flexor retinaculum, and Plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Peripheral Nerve: Medial plantar nerve
Nerve Root: L4-L5
Function: Abducts and flexes 1st digit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: Distal half of the anterior aspect of the humeral shaft and Medial and Lateral intermuscular septa
Insertion: Tuberosity and Coronoid process of the ulna
Peripheral Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve
Nerve Root: C5-C6
Function: Flexion of the elbow (palm down)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin: Upper two-thirds of the lateral Supercondylar ridge of the humerus and Lateral intermuscular septa
Insertion: Styloid process of the radius
Peripheral Nerve: Radial Nerve
Nerve Root: C5-C6
Function: Flexion of the elbow (forearm neutral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

Origin: Inferior ramus of the pubis
Insertion: A line from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera, Upper portion of the linea aspera
Peripheral Nerve: Obturator nerve
Nerve Root: L2-L4
Function: Adduction, Flexion, and Medial rotation of the hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

Origin: Oblique head- Bases of 2nd through 4th metatarsals
Transverse head- Ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joints of digits 3-5
Insertion: Tendons of both heads lateral to side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Peripheral Nerve: Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
Nerve Root: S1-S2
Function: Adducts 1st digit, Maintains transverse arch of foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adductor Longus

A

Origin: Anterior aspect of the pubis
Insertion: Linea aspera along the middle third of the femur
Peripheral Nerve: Obturator nerve
Nerve Root: L2-L4
Function: Adduction and Flexion of the hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

Origin: Inferior rami of the pubis and ischium, Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: A line from the greater trochanter to the linea aspera of the femur, Linea aspera of the femur, Adductor tubercle, Medial supracondylar line of the femur
Peripheral Nerve: Obturator and sciatic nerves
Nerve Root: L2-L4
Function: Adduction of the hip; Upper portion of the muscle assists in hip flexion, Lower portion assists in hip extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Depressor Labii Inferioris

A

Origin: Oblique line of the mandible
Insertion: Skin of the lower lip
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Depresses the angle of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anconeus

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: Lateral surface of the olecranon and Superior one-fourth of the posterior aspect of the ulna
Peripheral Nerve: Radial Nerve
Nerve Root: C7-C8
Function: Assists in Extending the elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and the common extensor tendon
Insertion: Base of the second metacarpal bone
Peripheral Nerve: Radial Nerve
Nerve Root: C6-C7
Function: Extension and Abduction (radial deviation) of the wrist and Assists in Extension of the elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

Origin: Long Head- Ischial tuberosity
Short Head- Lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur and the lateral intermuscular septum
Insertion: Lateral aspect of the head of the fibula
Peripheral Nerve: Long Head- Tibial portion of the sciatic nerve
Short Head- Peroneal portion of the sciatic nerve
Nerve Root: L5-S2
Function: Extension of the hip, Flexion and Lateral rotation of the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon and Intermuscular septum
Insertion: Extensor hood on the dorsum of the proximal phalanx of digit 5
Peripheral Nerve: Deep Radial Nerve
Nerve Root: C6-C8
Function: Extension of digit 5 and Assists in Extension of the wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Extensor Indicis

A

Origin: Posterior surface of the ulna and Interosseus membrane
Insertion: Extensor hood of the index finger
Peripheral Nerve: Deep Radial Nerve
Nerve Root: C6-C8
Function: Extension of the index finger and Assists in Extension of the wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common forearm flexor tendon and the Antebrachial fascia
Insertion: Base of the second and third metacarpals
Peripheral Nerve: Median Nerve
Nerve Root: C6-C7
Function: Flexion and Abduction (radial deviation) of the wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bulbospongiosus

A

Origin: Male- Median raphe, Bulb of penis, Perineal body
Female- Perineal body
Insertion: Male- Perineal membrane, Corpus cavernosum, Bulb of penis
Female- Dorsum of clitoris, Inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm, Bulb of vestibule, Pubic arch
Peripheral Nerve: Deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve
Nerve Root: S2-S4
Function: Male- Compresses bulb of penis, Forces blod into body of penis during eretion, Removes urine from urethra and semen during ejaculation
Female- Contricts vaginal orifice, Assists in expressing secretions of greater vestibular gland, Forces blood into body of clitoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Coccygeus (Ischiococcygeus)

A

Origin: Ischial spine, Sacrospinous ligament
Insertion: Inferior sacrum, Coccyx
Innervation: Ventral rami of lower sacral nerves
Function: Supports pelvic viscera, Draws coccyx forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Compressor Urethrae (Female only)

A 
Origin: Ischiopubic Ramus
Insertion: Anterior aspect of urethra
Peripheral Nerve: Perineal branches of pudendal nerve
Nerve Root: S2-S4
Function: Sphincter of urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dorsal Interossei (Hand)

A

Origin: By two heads from adjacent metacarpal bones
Insertion: Radial side of the proximal phalanxes and the extensor hoods of the 2nd and 3rd digit and Ulnar side of the proximal phalanx and extensor hood of the 4th digit
Peripheral Nerve: Ulnar Nerve
Nerve Root: C8-T1
Function: Abduction and Flexion of MCP joints 2, 3, 4 and Extension of the PIP and DIP joints of digits 2, 3, 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Palmar Interossei (Hand)

A

Origin: Palmar surface of metacarpal bones 2 (ulnar side), 4 (radial side), and 5 (radial side)
Insertion: 2nd extensor hood (ulnar side), 4th extensor hood (radial side), and 5th extensor hood (radial side)
Peripheral Nerve: Ulnar Nerve
Nerve Root: C8-T1
Function: Adduction and flexion of digits 2, 4, 5 and Extension of the PIP and DIP joints of digits 2, 4, 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cremaster (Male only)

A

Origin: Lower edge of internal oblique and Middle of inguinal ligament
Insertion: Pubic tubercle, Crest of pubis
Peripheral Nerve: Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Nerve Root: L1-L2
Function: Retracts testicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Deep Transverse Perineal
Origin: Inner surface of inferior ischial rami Insertion: Male- Medial tendinous raphe and perineal body Female- Sides of the vagina Peripheral Nerve: Perineal branches of pudendal nerve Nerve Root: S2-S4 Function: Stabilizes perineal body, Supports prostate/vagina
26
Anterior Deltoid
Origin: Anterosuperior aspect of the lateral half of the clavicle Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Peripheral Nerve: Axillary Nerve Nerve Root: C5-C6 Function: Flexion of the Shoulder joint
27
Middle Deltoid
``` Origin: Acromion process of the scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Peripheral Nerve: Axillary Nerve Nerve Root: C5-C6 Function: Abduction of the Shoulder ```
28
Pectoralis Major
Origin: Clavicular Head- Anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle Sternocostal Head- Anterior surface of the sternum, Cartilage of ribs 1-7, and Aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique Insertion: Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus Peripheral Nerve: Medial and Lateral pectoral Nerves Nerve Root: C5-C8, T1 Function: Adduction and Medial rotation of the shoulder Clavicular Head- Flexion and Horizontal adduction of the shoulder Sternocostal Head- Extension of the shoulder from a flexed position
29
Pronator Quadratus
Origin: Anterior Aspect of the distal fourth of the ulna Insertion: Anterior aspect of the distal fourth of the radius Peripheral Nerve: Median Nerve Nerve Root: C8-T1 Function: Pronation of the forearm
30
Pronator Teres
Origin: Humeral Head- Medial epicondylar ridge of the humerus and the common forearm flexor tendon Ulnar Head- Coronoid process of the ulna Insertion: Lateral surface of the midshaft of the radius Peripheral Nerve: Median Nerve Nerve Root: C6-C7 Function: Pronation of the forearm and Assists in Flexion of the Elbow
31
Diaphragm
Origin: Xiphoid process, Lower six costal cartilages, L1-L3 vertebrae Insertion: Converge into central tendon Peripheral Nerve: Phrenic Nerve Nerve Root: C3-C5 Function: Draws central tendon down and forward during inspiration
32
Erector Spinae
Origin: Posterior sacrum, Iliac crest, Sacrospinous ligament, Supraspinous ligament, Spinous Processes of lower lumbar and sacral vertebrae Insertion: Iliocostalis- Angles of lower rbs, cervical transverse processes Longissimus- Between tubercles and angles of ribs, Transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, Mastoid process Innervation: Dorsal rami of each region Function: Extends and laterally bends vertebral column and head
33
Supraspinatus
Origin: Supraspinous fossa of the scapula Insertion: Greater Tubercle of the humerus Peripheral Nerve: Suprascapular Nerve Nerve Root: C5 Function: Abduction and Lateral rotation of the shoulder
34
Teres Major
Origin: Posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula Insertion: Medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus Peripheral Nerve: Lower Subscapular Nerve Nerve Root: C5-C6 Function: Adduction, Extension, and Medial rotation of the shoulder
35
Teres Minor
Origin: Superior two-thirds of the posterior surface of the axillary border of the scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus Peripheral Nerve: Axillary Nerve Nerve Root: C5 Function: Lateral Rotation of the shoulder
36
Middle Trapezius
Origin: Spinous processes of Thoracic vertebrae 1-5 and the intervening supraspinal ligament Insertion: Medial border of the acromion process of the scapula and The spine of the scapula Peripheral Nerve: Spinal portion of the Accessory Nerve (CN XI) Nerve Root: C1-C5 Function: Scapular Adduction
37
Extensor Digitorum (Hand)
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon and Antebrachial fascia Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5 via the extensor hood Peripheral Nerve: Deep Radial Nerve Nerve Root: C6-C8 Function: Extension of digits 2-5 and Assists in Extension of the wrist
38
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Origin: Superior surface of the calcaneus, Lateral talocalcaneal ligament, Inferior extensor retinaculum Insertion: Dorsal surface of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe, Lateral aspect of the extensor digitorum longus tendons of toes 2-4 Peripheral Nerve: Deep peroneal nerve Nerve Root: L5-S1 Function: Extension at the MTP joint of toes 1-4
39
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Origin: Lateral tibial condyle, Anterior surface of the body of the fibula, Interosseous membrane Insertion: Dorsum of the middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5 Peripheral Nerve: Deep peroneal nerve Nerve Root: L4-S1 Function: Extension at the MTP joints of the lateral four toes
40
Extensor Hallucis Brevis and Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Origin: Superolateral surface of calcaneus, Lateral talocalcaneal ligament, Cruciate crural ligament Insertion: First tendon into dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of great toe; Other 3 tendons into lateral sides of tendons of extensor digitorum longus to digits 2-4 Peripheral Nerve: Deep fibular nerve Nerve Root: L4-S1 Function: Aids in extensor digitorum longus in extending of 4 medial digits at the matatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
41
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Origin: Medial surface of the body of the fibula, Interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe Peripheral Nerve: Deep peroneal nerve Nerve Root: L4-S1 Function: Extension of the IP joint of the great toe
42
Iliocostalis Cervicis
Origin: Angles of ribs 3-6 Insertion: Transverse processes of C4-C6 Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the cervical spine Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the cervical spine
43
Iliocostalis Lumborum
Origin: Common erector spinae tendon from the median sacral crest, spinous processes of all lumbar and lower 2 thoracic vertebrae, dorsum of the iliac crests, lateral crest of the sacrum, sacrotuberous, and posterior sacroiliac ligaments Insertion: Angles of the last 7 ribs Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the vertebral column Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column; elevation of the pelvis
44
Iliocostalis Thoracis
Origin: Angles of ribs 7-12 Insertion: Angles of ribs 1-6; Transverse process of C7 Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the vertebral column Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column
45
External Anal Sphincter
Origin: Tip of coccyx, Anococcygeal ligament Insertion: Deeper fibers surround anal canal, Attach posteriorly to coccyx and anteriorly to central point of perineum Peripheral Nerve: Perineal and inferior rectal branches of pudendal nerve Nerve Root: S2-S4 Function: Closes anal orifice
46
Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis
Origin: Distal two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula Insertion: Tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal Peripheral Nerve: Superficial peroneal nerve Nerve Root: L4-S1 Function: Eversion of the foot at the subtalar joint; Weak plantar flexor of the foot at the ankle
47
Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus
Origin: Head and upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula Insertion: Base of the first metatarsal, Lateral aspect of the medial cuneiform Peripheral Nerve: Superficial peroneal nerve Nerve Root: L4-S1 Function: Eversion of the foot at the subtalar joint; Weak plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle
48
Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius
Origin: Distal third of anterior surface of fibula and Interosseus membrane Insertion: Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal Peripheral Nerve: Deep fibular nerve Nerve Root: L4-S1 Function: Dorsiflexes foot at ankle and aids in eversion of foot
49
Longissimus Cervicis
Origin: Transverse processes of the upper 4-5 thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Transverse processes of C2-C6 Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the cervical spine Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the cervical spine
50
Longissimus Thoracis
Origin: Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: Between tubercles and angles of the lower 9-10 ribs; transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the vertebral column Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the vertebral column
51
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis (Foot)
Origin: Base of 5th metatarsal Insertion: Lateral base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit Peripheral Nerve: Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve Nerve Root: S1-S2 Function: Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
52
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis (Hand)
Origin: Flexor retinaculum and Hook of hamate bone Insertion: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger Peripheral Nerve: Ulnar nerve (deep branch) Nerve Root: C8-T1 Function: Flexes proximal phalanx of little finger
53
Flexor Digitorum Brevis (Foot)
Origin: Tuberosity of the calcaneus, Plantar aponeurosis Insertion: Sides of the middle phalanges of toes 2-5 Peripheral Nerve: Medial plantar nerve Nerve Root: L5-S1 Function: Flexion at the proximal IP joints of the lateral four toes
54
Flexor Digitorum Longus (Foot)
Origin: Posterior aspect of the body of the tibia Insertion: Base of the distal phalanges of toes 2-5 Peripheral Nerve: Tibial nerve Nerve Root: L5-S1 Function: Flexion at the DIP and PIP joints of the lateral four toes
55
Occipitofrontalis (Frontal Belly)
Origin: Gale aponeurotica Insertion: Skin of the eyebrows and root of the nose Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Elevates the eyebrows
56
Orbicularis Oculi
Origin: Nasal part of the frontal bone, frontal process of the maxilla, medial palpebral ligament Insertion: Lateral palpebral raphe, corrugator supercilii and frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle, skin of the eyebrow Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Closes the eye
57
Orbicularis Oris
Origin: Other facial muscles, primarily the buccinator, levator anguli oris, and depressor anguli oris; Maxilla; Septum of the nose; Mandible Insertion: Skin and mucous membrane surrounding the mouth Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Approximates and protrudes the lips
58
Platysma
Origin: Fascia covering the deltoid and pectoralis Insertion: Mandible, skin of the lower part of the face Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Draws the lower lip and corner of the mouth laterally and inferiorly
59
Gastrocnemius
Origin: Medial Head- Medial condyle and Adjacent popliteal surface of the femur Lateral Head- Lateral condyle of the femur Insertion: Via the tendon calcaneus into the posterior surface of the calcaneus Peripheral Nerve: Tibial nerve Nerve Root: S1-S2 Function: Plantar flexion of the ankle, flexion of the knee
60
Inferior Gemellus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur Peripheral Nerve: Nerve to the quadratus femoris Nerve Root: L4-S1 Function: Lateral rotation of the hip, Abduction of the flexed hip
61
Superior Gemellus
Origin: Ischial spine Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur Peripheral Nerve: Nerve to the obturator internus Nerve Root: L5-S2 Function: Lateral rotation of the hip, Abduction of the flexed hip
62
Gluteus Maximus
Origin: Posterior gluteal line of the ilium, Iliac crest, Dorsum of the sacrum and coccyx, Sacrotuberous ligament Insertion: Iliotibial tract, Gluteal tuberosity of the femur Peripheral Nerve: Inferior gluteal nerve Nerve Root: L5-S2 Function: Extension and lateral rotation of the hip
63
Gluteus Medius
Origin: Outer surface of the ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur Peripheral Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve Nerve Root: L4-S1 Function: Abduction and Medial rotation of the hip
64
Gluteus Minimus
Origin: Outer surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur Peripheral Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve Nerve Root: L4-S1 Function: Abduction and Medial rotation of the hip
65
Gracilis
Origin: Body and ramus of the pubis Insertion: Proximal aspect of the medial surface of the tibia Peripheral Nerve: Obturator nerve Nerve Root: L2-L3 Function: Adduction of the hip, Flexion, and Medial rotation of the knee
66
Iliacus
Origin: Superior two-thirds of the Iliac fossa, Iliac crest, Anterior sacroiliac and Iliolumbar ligaments, Ala of sacrum Insertion: Tendon of the Psoas Major, Body of the Femur Peripheral Nerve: Femoral Nerve Nerve Root: L2-L3 Function: Flexion of the hip
67
Risorius
Origin: Parotid fascia overlying the masseter muscle Insertion: Skin of the angle of the mouth Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Retracts the angle of the mouth
68
Anterior Scalene
Origin: Transverse processes of C3-C6 Insertion: Upper surface of the first rib Nerve: Ventral rami of C5, C6 Function: Bilateral action: Flexion of the cervical spine Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine to the same side
69
Semispinalis Capitis
Origin: Transverse processes of the 7th cervical and the first 6-7 thoracic vertebrae and the articular processes of C4-C6 Insertion: Occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the first 6 cervical nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the head and the cervical spine Unilateral action: Rotation of the cervical spine to the opposite side
70
Semispinalis Cervicis
Origin: Transverse processes of the first 5-6 thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Spinous processes if the first 5 cervical vertebrae Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the lower 3 cranial nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the head and the cervical spine Unilateral action: Rotation of the cervical spine to the opposite side
71
Intercostal (External, Innermost, Internal)
Origin: Lower border of ribs Insertion: Upper border of rib below rib of origin Peripheral Nerve: Intercostal nerves Nerve Root: T1-T11 Function: External- Supports intercostal spaces in inspiration and expiration, Elevates ribs in inspiration Innermost- Elevates ribs Internal- Prevents pushing out or drawing in of intercostal spaces in inspiration and expiration, lower ribs in forces expiration
72
Splenius Capitis
Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7, T1-T3 Insertion: Lateral aspect of the superior nuchal line and the mastoid process Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the middle cervical nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the head and cervical spine Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine to the same side
73
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Sternal head: Anterior aspect of the manubrium of the sternum Clavicular head: Medial third of the clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of the skull Peripheral Nerve: Accessory nerve (CN XI) Nerve Root: Ventral rami of C2, C3 Function: Bilateral action: Flexion of the cervical spine; in the absence of cervical vertebral stabilizers, it extends the head on the atlas Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the cervical spine to the same side; rotation of the cervical spine to the opposite side
74
Interspinales (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar)
Origin: Spinous processes Insertion: Adjacent spinous processes Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves Function: Aid in extension of vertebral column
75
Intertransversaril (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar)
Origin: Extend between adjacent transverse processes of vertebrae Insertion: Extend between adjacent transverse processes of vertebrae Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves Function: Assist in lateral flexion of vertebral column
76
Ischiocavernosus
Origin: Inferior internal surface of ischiopubic ramus, Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Crus of penis of clitoris Peripheral Nerve: Deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve Nerve Root: S2-S4 Function: Forces blood into body of penis and clitoris during erection
77
Obturator Externus
Origin: Rami of the pubis and ischium, Outer surface of the obturator membrane Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of the femur Peripheral Nerve: Obturator nerve Nerve Root: L4-L5 Function: Lateral rotation of the hip
78
Obturator Internus
Origin: Obturator membrane and foramen, Inner surface of the pelvis, Inferior rami of the pubis and ischium Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur Peripheral Nerve: Nerve to the obturator internus Nerve Root: L5-S2 Function: Lateral rotation of the hip, Abduction of the flexed hip
79
Levator Ani (Iliococcygeus, Pubococcygeus, Puborectalis)
Origin: Body of pubis, Tendinous arch of obturator fascia, Ischial spine Insertion: Perineal body, Coccyx, Anococcygeal raphe, Walls of prostate or vagina, Rectum, Anal canal Peripheral Nerve: Ventral rami of lower sacral nerves, Perineal nerve Nerve Root: S2-S4 Function: Supports pelvic viscera, Raises pelvic floor
80
Levator Costarum
Origin: Transverse processes of C7 and T1-T11 Insertion: Subjacent ribs between tubercle and angle Innervation: Dorsal ramus of lower thoracic nerves Function: Elevate ribs
81
Piriformis
Origin: Anterior surface of the sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur Peripheral Nerve: N/A Nerve Root: S1-S2 Function: Lateral rotation of the hip, Abduction of the flexed hip
82
Popliteus
Origin: Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur Insertion: Posterior tibia superior to soleal line Peripheral Nerve: Tibial nerve Nerve Root: L4-S1 Function: Weakly flexes knee and Unlocks it by rotating femur on fixed tibia
83
Psoas Major
Origin: Sides of the vertebral bodies and corresponding IV discs of T12-L5 and transverse processes of L1-L5 Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur Peripheral Nerve: N/A Nerve Root: L2-L4 Function: Unilateral Action- Flexion of the hip Bilateral Action- With the thigh fixed, the Psoas major flexes the trunk
84
Quadratus Femoris
Origin: Iscial tuberosity Insertion: Quadrate tubercle of the femur Peripheral Nerve: Nerve to the quadratus femoris Nerve Root: L4-S1 Function: Lateral rotation of the hip
85
Rectus Femoris
Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine, Groove above the posterior brim of the acetabulum Insertion: Base of the patella via the ligamentum patellae into the tibial tuberosity Peripheral Nerve: Femoral nerve Nerve Root: L2-L4 Function: Extension of the knee, Flexion of the hip
86
Rhomboid Major
Origin: Spinous Processes of T2-T5 and the intervening supraspinous ligament Insertion: Vertebral border of the scapula between the spine and the inferior angle Peripheral Nerve: Dorsal Scapular Nerve Nerve Root: C5 Function: Adduction, Downward rotation, and Elevation of the scapula
87
Sartorius
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine, Upper aspect of the iliac notch Insertion: Proximal aspect of the medial surface of the tibia Peripheral Nerve: Femoral Nerve Nerve Root: L2-L3 Function: Flexion, Abduction, and Lateral rotation of the hip and flexion of the knee
88
Semimembranosus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial condyle of the tibia Peripheral Nerve: Tibial portion of the sciatic nerve Nerve Root: L5-S2 Function: Extension of the hip, Flexion and Medial rotation of the knee
89
Lumbricals (Foot)
Origin: Tendons of the flexor digitorum longus Insertion: Tendons of the extensor digitorum longus Peripheral Nerve: Medial plantar (first lumbrical) and Lateral plantar (lumbricals 2-4) nerves Nerve Root: L5-S1 (first lumbrical), S2-S3 (lumbricals 2-4) Function: Flexion at the MTP joints and extension at the IP joints of the lateral four toes
90
Spinalis Capitis
Origin: Transverse processes of the 7th cervical and the first 6-7 thoracic vertebrae and the articular processes of C4-C6 Insertion: Occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Extension of the cervical spine
91
Spinalis Cervicis
Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7, T1, T2 Insertion: Spinous process of the axis Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Extension of the cervical spine
92
Subscapularis
Origin: Subscapular fossa of the scapula Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus Peripheral Nerve: Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerves Nerve Root: C5-C6 Function: Medial Rotation of the shoulder
93
Tensor Fascia Lata
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine, Anterior aspect of the outer lip of the iliac crest Insertion: Iliotibial tract approximately one-third down the thigh Peripheral Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve Nerve Root: L4-S1 Function: Abduction, Flexion, and Medial rotation of the hip; Extension of the knee
94
External Oblique
Origin: External surfaces of ribs 5-12 Insertion: Linea alba, Pubic tubercle, Anterior half of iliac crest Innervation: Ventral rami of 6 thoracic nerves Function: Compresses and supports abdominal viscera, flexes, and rotates trunk
95
Internal Oblique
Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, Lateral half of inguinal ligament Insertion: Inferior borders of ribs 10-12, Linea alba, Pubis via conjoint tendon Innervation: Ventral rami of 6 inferior thoracic and first lumbar nerves Function:
96
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
``` Origin: Spine of axis Insertion: Transverse process of atlas Peripheral Nerve: Suboccipital nerve Nerve Root: Function: Rotates atlas to turn face to same side ```
97
Vastus Medialis
Origin: Intertrochanteric line, Linea aspera, Medial supracondylar line of the femur Insertion: Medial border of the patella and via the ligamentum patellae into the tibial tuberosity Peripheral Nerve: Femoral nerve Nerve Root: L2-L4 Function: Extension of the knee
98
Palmaris Brevis
Origin: Palmaris aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum Insertion: Skin of medial border of path Peripheral Nerve: Superficial palmar branch of ulnar nerve Nerve Root: C8-T1 Function: Deepens hollow of hand, Assists grip
99
Palmaris Longus
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Distal half of flexor retinaculum and Palmar aponeurosis Peripheral Nerve: Median nerve Nerve Root: C8-T1 Function: Flexes hand at wrist and Tenses palmar aponeurosis
100
Plantaris
Origin: Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament Insertion: Posterior aspect of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Peripheral Nerve: Tibial nerve Nerve Root: L4-S3 Function: Weakly assists gastrocnemius
101
Psoas Minor
Origin: Vertebral margins of T12-L1 vertebrae, Corresponding IV discs Insertion: Pectineal line, Iliopectineal eminence Innervation: Ventral rami of first lumbar nerve Function: Flexes pelvis on vertebral column
102
Pyramidialis
``` Origin: Body of pubis, Anterior rectus abdominis Insertion: Linea alba Peripheral Nerve: Subcostal nerve Nerve Root: T12 Iliohypogastric nerve Function: Tenses linea alba ```
103
Quadratus Plantae
Origin: Medial and lateral sides of plantar surface of calcaneus Insertion: Posterolateral edge of flexor digitorum longus tendon Peripheral Nerve: Lateral plantar nerve Nerve Root: S1-S2 Function: Corrects for oblique pull of flexor digitorum longus tendon, Thus assists in flexion of toes
104
Rotatores
Origin: Transverse processes of Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar regions Insertion: Lamina and Transverse process of spine above, Spanning one or two segents Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves Function: Stabilizes, Extends, and Rotates spine
105
Medial Scalene
Origin: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-C7 Insertion: Upper surface of 1st rib (behind subclavian groove) Peripheral Nerve: Anterior rami of cervical nerves Nerve Root: C3-C7 Function: Elevates 1st rib, Bends neck
106
Posterior Scalene
Origin: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-C6 Insertion: Outer surface of 2nd rib (Behind attachment of serratus anterior) Peripheral Nerve: Anterior rami of lower four cervical nerves Nerve Root: C5-C8 Function: Elevates 2nd rib, Bends neck
107
Semispinalis
Origin: Transverse processes of C4-T12 Insertion: Spinous processes of Cervical and Thoracic regions Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves Function: Extends head, neck, and thorax and Rotates them to the opposite side
108
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Origin: Spious processes of T11-L2 Insertion: Inferior aspect of ribs 9-12 Innervation: Ventral rami of lower thoracic nerves Function: Depresses ribs
109
Serratus Posterior Superior
Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, Spinous processes of C7-T3 Insertion: Superior aspect of ribs 2-4 Innervation: Ventral rami of lower thoracic nerves Function: Elevates ribs
110
Soleus
Origin: Posterior surface of the head and Proximal third of the body of the fibula, Soleal line and Middle third of the medial border of the tibia Insertion: Via the tendon calcaneus into the posterior surface of the calcaneus Peripheral Nerve: Tibial nerve Nerve Root: S1-S2 Function: Plantar flexion of the ankle
111
Sphincter Urethrae
Origin: External fivers from junction of inferior pubic and ischial rami and adjacent fascia; Internal fibers pass medially to surround membranous urethra Insertion: Male- Median raphe in front and behind urethra Female- Encloses urethra, attaches to sides of vagina Peripheral Nerve: Perineal branches of pudendal nerve Nerve Root: S2-S4 Function: Compresses urethra at end of micturition; In female also compresses distal vagina
112
Sphincter Urethrovaginalis
Origin: Perineal body Insertion: Passes forward and anterior around urethra Peripheral Nerve: Perineal branches of pudendal nerve Nerve Root: S2-S4 Function: Sphincter of urethra and vagina
113
Subclavius
Origin: Upper border of 1st rib and its cartilage Insertion: Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle Peripheral Nerve: Nerve to subclavius Nerve Root: C5-C6 Function: Anchors and depresses clavicle
114
Subcostal
Origin: Internal surface of lower ribs near their angles Insertion: Superior borders of 2nd or 3rd rib below Peripheral Nerve: Intercostal nerves Nerve Root: T1-T11 Function: Depresses ribs
115
Superficial Transverse Perineal
Origin: Ischial rami and tuberosities Insertion: Central tendon (perineal body) Peripheral Nerve: Perineal branches of pudendal nerve Nerve Root: S2-S4 Function: Stabilizes central tendon
116
Tibialis Anterior
Origin: Lateral condyle and upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the body of the tibia, Interosseous membrane, Deep crural fossa Insertion: Base of the first metatarsal, Medial and Plantar surfaces of the medial cuneiform bone Peripheral Nerve: Deep peroneal nerve Nerve Root: L4-S1 Function: Dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle, Inversion of the foot at the subtalar and midtarsal joints
117
Tibialis Posterior
Origin: Posterior aspect of the interosseous membrane, Posterior surface of the body of the tibia, Proximal two-thirds of the medial surface of the fibula Insertion: Tuberosity of the Navicular bone, Cuboid bone, All three cuneiform bones, Bases of metatarsals 2-4 Peripheral Nerve: Tibial nerve Nerve Root: L5-S1 Function: Inversion of the foot at the subtalar joint, Plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle
118
Transversus Abdominis
Origin: Internal surfaces of costal cartilages 7-12, Thoracolumbar fascia, Iliac crest, Lateral third of inguinal ligament Insertion: Linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, Pubic crest, and Pecten pubis via conjoint tendon Innervation: Vetral rami of six inferior thoracic and first lumbar nerves Function: Compresses and supports abdominal viscera
119
Transversus Thoracis
Origin: Internal surface of costal cartilages 2-6 Insertion: Posterior surface of lower sternum Peripheral Nerve: Intercostal nerves Nerve Root: T1-T11 Function: Depresses ribs and costal cartilages
120
Zygomaticus Major
Origin: Zygomatic bone Insertion: Angle of the mouth Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Draws the angle of the mouth upward and backward as in smiling or laughing
121
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Origin: Plantar surface of the cuboid and lateral cuneiform bones Insertion: Base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe Peripheral Nerve: Medial plantar nerve Nerve Root: L5-S1 Function: Flexion at the MTP joint of the great toes
122
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Origin: Posterior aspect of the body of the fibula, Interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe Peripheral Nerve: Tibial nerve Nerve Root: L5-S2 Function: Flexion at the IP joint of the great toe
123
Articularis Genus
``` Origin: Distal femur on anterior surface Insertion: Suprapatellar bursa Peripheral Nerve: Femoral nerve Nerve Root: L2-L4 Function: Pulls suprapatellar bursa superiorly with extension of the knee ```
124
Dorsal Interossei (Foot)
Origin: Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5 Insertion: 1st- Medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit 2nd-4th- Lateral sides of digits 2-4 Peripheral Nerve: Lateral plantar nerve Nerve Root: S1-S2 Function: Abduct 2nd through 4th toes, metatarsophalangeal joints, and extend phalanges
125
Plantar Interossei (Foot)
Origin: Bases and medial sides of 3rd through 5th metatarsals Insertion: Medial sides of proximal phalanges of 3rd through 5th digits Peripheral Nerve: Lateral plantar nerve Nerve Root: S1-S2 Function: Adducts digits 3-5 and flexes metatarsophalangeal joint and extends phalanges
126
Buccinator
Origin: Posterior portion of alveolar process of maxilla and mandible opposite sockets of molar teeth, Anterior border of pterygomandibular raphe Insertion: Angle of mouth Peripheral Nerve: Buccal branches of facial nerve Nerve Root: CN VII Function: Compresses cheeks, Expels air between lips, Aids in mastication
127
Depressor Anguli Oris
Origin: Continuous with platysma on oblique line of mandible Insertion: Angle of mouth into orbicularis and skin Peripheral Nerve: Mandibular and Buccal branches of facial nerve Nerve Root: CN VII Function: Depresses angle of mouth
128
Levator Anguli Oris
Origin: Canine fossa of maxilla immediately below infra-orbital foramen and Under cover of zygomatic head of levator labii superioris Insertion: Angle of mouth; Fibers intermingle with orbicularis oris, Depressor anguli oris, Zygomaticus Peripheral Nerve: Zygomatic and Buccal branches of facial nerve Nerve Root: CN VII Function: Elevates angle of mouth
129
Levator Labii Superioris
Origin: Maxilla above infra-orbital foramen Insertion: Skin of upper lip Peripheral Nerve: Zygomatic and Buccal branches of facial nerve Nerve Root: CN VII Function: Elevates upper lip; Dilates nares
130
Rectus Capitis Anterior
Origin: Lateral mass of atlas Insertion: Base of occipital bone in front of foramen magnum Peripheral Nerve: Ventral rami of cervical nerves Nerve Root: C1-C2 Function: Flexes head
131
Rectus Capitis Lateralis
Origin: Upper surface of transverse processes of atlas Insertion: Inferior surface of jugular process of occipital bone Peripheral Nerve: Ventral rami of cervical nerves Nerve Root: C1-C2 Function: Flexes head laterally to same side
132
Temporalis
Origin: Floor of temporal fossa, Deep temporal fascia Insertion: Coronoid process and Ramus of mandible Peripheral Nerve: Mandibular nerve, Deep temporal nerves Nerve Root: CN V Function: Elevates mandible; Posterior fibers retrude mandible
133
Zygomaticus Minor
Origin: Zygomatic Arch Insertion: Angle of mouth, upper lip Nerve: Facial nerve root (CN VII) Function: Elevates upper lip

List of Muscles (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions