Everyday remembering Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the origin of everyday memory research?
Traced to Neisser’s address at a memory conference
Neisser highlighted the issue of ecological validity in memory research.
What are the two main approaches to everyday memory?
Traditional approach and Everyday memory approach
These approaches differ in how they study memory in natural conditions.
What does purposeful action in memory research refer to?
Memory research based on action influenced by situational demands
Example: wanting to impress an audience.
Define episodic memory.
Involves tracking time and requires autoneotic awareness
Tulving describes it as a distinct human ability.
What is autoneotic awareness?
Awareness of one’s own mental time travel
Necessary for episodic memory to exist.
How does autobiographical memory relate to episodic memory?
Autobiographical memory is a subset of episodic memories linking personal history to public history
It grounds the self in experience.
What components make up the self-memory system?
1) Autobiographical memory knowledge base 2) Working self
These components interact to construct memories relevant to personal goals.
List the three levels of specificity in the autobiographical memory knowledge base.
- Lifetime periods
- General events
- Event-specific knowledge
These levels contain personal information.
What is the cue word method?
Participants retrieve a memory associated with each cue word
A technique used to explore memory retrieval.
What is the reminiscence bump?
A period where individuals recall more memories from ages 10 to 30
Often linked to identity formation and significant life events.
What is infantile amnesia?
The inability to recall memories from early childhood - occurs during the first two years of life because the cognitive self only emerges towards the end of the second year of life.
It is theorized to be influenced by language and cultural factors.
What is the identity formation account of the reminiscence bump?
The clustering of highly goal-relevant events leads to preferential recall
This occurs at the time of retrieval.
What does the cultural life script account propose?
Each culture has a shared representation of major transitional events expected in a lifespan
It influences memory recall patterns.
What are flashbulb memories?
Vivid, long-lasting memories of the context in which one learned of important events
Example: Learning about 9/11.
How did Neisser challenge the notion of flashbulb memories?
He noted inaccuracies in his own vivid memory of Pearl Harbor
Suggests that vividness does not equate to accuracy.
What cultural differences exist in remembering?
Individuals with an autonomous self recall unique personal events; collectivist individuals recall social events
Americans focus on individual experiences while Chinese individuals emphasize social interactions.
What is Bartlett’s theory about remembering?
Remembering is a social process influenced by context
It highlights the role of retelling in memory.
What percentage of retellings are intended to convey facts?
60% (retelling vs recalling)
The rest may aim to entertain or express emotions.
How does gender influence parental reminiscing style?
More elaborative style with female offspring and emotional discussions
Adult women tend to have more specific memory styles than men.
