Everything! Flashcards
(164 cards)
1
Q
What number system do these facts describe?- 0 or 1 (2 digits)- Base 2- Used by computers- Uses more digits for the same number
A
Binary
2
Q
What’s missing from this list of data units - gigabyte, ______, petabyte
A
terabyte
3
Q
Name 4 facts about the denary number system
A
- 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, (10 digits)- Base 10- Used by humans- Uses less digits for the same number
4
Q
KB means
A
kilobyte
5
Q
The central authority for currencies are
A
banks
6
Q
An infrastructure means all…
A
parts are connected in a huge network
7
Q
TB means
A
terabyte
8
Q
What is artificial intelligence?
A
The development of programs to simulate human behavior.
9
Q
a bit is either a __ or a __
A
1 or 0
10
Q
Binary digit can be shortened to…
A
bit
11
Q
What is image recognition?
A
identify objects or people in an image
12
Q
An example of a central bank is….
A
Bank of England, Bank of Korea
13
Q
Packets are made up of
A
Header / Payload (Data) / Trailer
14
Q
The world wide web the name for
A
all websites and webpages
15
Q
What is full-duplex?
A
Both directions at the same time, example is broadband internet or online gaming
16
Q
EB means
A
exabyte
17
Q
What is unsupervised machine learning?
A
Unsupervised means that data is input, and then the program learns from the data.
18
Q
The smallest piece of computer memory is
A
a bit
19
Q
Cryptocurrency payments over the internet are secure because
A
they are encrypted
20
Q
Inside every computer is a ______
A
CPU
21
Q
Cryptocurrency has no ________ _________
A
central authority
22
Q
What has no central authority for payments?
A
cryptocurrencies
23
Q
How do expert systems work?
A
System asks questions to determine the solution, depending on answers given it will ask different questions
24
Q
In expert systems, what’s an inference engine?
A
Decides which question to ask next or which answer it gives
25
How many bits in a nibble?
4
26
What is speech recognition?
Identify words spoken by humans and store them
27
Both directions at the same time describes what?
Full-duplex data transmission
28
All parts connected in a huge network is called an
infrastructure
29
4 bits is called a
nibble
30
Blockchains record...
All payments with time and date stamps
31
Blockchains are accessible by...
every connected computer
32
A single 1 or 0 is called a
bit
33
Bank of England and Bank of Korea are examples of
central banks
34
data -> process -> _________
data -> process -> information
35
What is the ability to adapt and learn in AI?
Not all AI does this, its known as machine learning and requires training a program
36
Computers convert ________ data to ________ data
Computers convert analogue data to digital data
37
What is a diagnosis system in AI?
e.g. to diagnose medical problems
38
IP address = ______ ______ address
Internet protocol address
39
A collection of webpages is called
a website
40
Data is sent from one device to another using ___________
packets
41
In expert systems, what's a user interface?
Outputs questions and other statements to the user and allows them to enter data
42
What is the ability to reason in AI?
An area of logic. In logic you have rules and can develop facts
43
Websites are a collection of
webpages
44
URL
uniform resource locator
45
How many megabytes in a gigabyte?
1024
46
What is machine learning?
A system that has the ability to learn and adapt, and change their own rules and logic. It involves training.
47
What is supervised machine learning?
Supervised means that user is telling the program what its data means.
48
What are programmed rules in AI?
Programs use rules to make decisions
49
Digital payments over the internet are secure because they are
Encrypted
50
What's missing from this list of data units - megabyte, ______, terabyte
gigabyte
51
In expert systems, what's a knowledge base?
list of facts
52
Once added to a blockchain, records....
cannot be changed
53
What is half-duplex?
both directions but NOT at the same time, example is walkie-talkie
54
No central authority as also called
Decentralised
55
Both directions NOT at the same time describes what?
Half-duplex data transmission
56
A blockchain is like a
digital ledger or list of all records of payment
57
Name 2 facts about IP addresses
IP addresses can change // You can't access the internet without an IP address
58
Describe data transmission
Signals transmitted from one device to another
59
Every device that connects to the internet has...
An IP address
60
CPUs are made of billions of _______
switches
61
PB means
petabyte
62
analogue data is experienced by _________
humans
63
Every device that connects to a network is given...
An IP address
64
Order the data units from LARGEST to smallest
exabyte, petabyte, terabyte, gigabyte, megabyte, kilobyte, byte, nibble, bit
65
Banks are the ________ _________ for currencies
central authority
66
8 bits are called a
byte
67
1 kilobyte = 1 KB = how many bytes?
1024
68
What is collecting data in AI?
programs need data input - data might come from users or from sensors
69
Name 4 facts about the binary number system
- 0 or 1 (2 digits)- Base 2- Used by computers- Uses more digits for the same number
70
Packets are used to....
Send data from one device to another over the internet
71
a byte is how many bits?
8
72
1 megabyte = 1MB = how many KB?
1024
73
What's missing from this list of data units - nibble, ______, kilobyte
byte
74
humans experience _________ data in the real world
analogue
75
How many petabytes in an exabyte?
1024
76
Order the data units from SMALLEST to largest
bit, nibble, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte, petabyte, exabyte
77
a bit is
the smallest piece of computer memory
78
Examples of cryptocurrencies are
bitcoin, dogecoin, ethereum, cardano
79
Payments can be sent digitally over the internet using...
Credit cards, Paypal, Apple Pay, Kakaopay and more!
80
Name 2 facts about IP addresses
IP addresses can change // You can't access the internet without an IP address
81
What are the features of expert systems?
Knowledge base, rule base, inference engine, user interface
82
What's an example of an online expert system?
Online chat bot to help you with a problem
83
All websites and webpages are known as
the world wide web (www)
84
An infrastructure is a way of describing
the internet
85
What are the features of AI programs?
collect data, programmed rules, ability to reason, ability to learn and adapt
86
What number system do these facts describe?- 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, (10 digits)- Base 10- Used by humans- Uses less digits for the same number
Denary
87
The internet can be described as....
an infrastructure
88
Protocol, domain and webpage are part of....
URLs
89
MB means
megabyte
90
What is an expert system?
An attempt to emulate the expertise of a human, e.g. doctor or engineer
91
What's missing from this list of data units - bit, ______, byte, kilobyte...
nibble
92
What use is AI in computer games?
to move elements or characters independently based on the environment
93
What is simplex
data sent in one direction only, example is computer to printer
94
What are types of AI?
image recognition, speech recognition, natural language, computer games, diagnostic systems
95
What are sound, video, images, text, numbers, facts known as?
types of data
96
Decentralised
means no central authority
97
Name 5 types of data
sound, video, images, text, numbers, facts
98
Blockchain is how _________ payments are made
Cryptocurrency
99
bitcoin, dogecoin, ethereum, cardano are examples of
cryptocurrencies
100
What is natural language?
To receive a command or instruction that is not in a set format and perform the required task (e.g. Siri question)
101
Payments are made for cryptocurrencies using...
blockchain
102
data -> ________ -> information
data -> process -> information
103
One direction only describes what?
Simplex data transmission
104
How many terabytes in a petabyte?
1024
105
What are the 8 bit binary placeholders?
128 / 64 / 32 / 16 / 8 / 4 / 2 / 1
106
_______ -> process -> information
data -> process -> information
107
Packets are sent along different ________
routes
108
IP address = ______ ______ address
Internet protocol address
109
How many gigabytes in a terabyte?
1024
110
Packets are usually around ______ in size
64kb
111
Computers store everything as __________
binary
112
URLs are made up of 3 things....
protocol, domain, webpage
113
Every website and webpage has a
URL
114
In expert systems, what's a rule base?
Links the facts
115
What are the 12 bit binary placeholders?
2048 / 1024 / 512 / 256 / 128 / 64 / 32 / 16 / 8 / 4 / 2 / 1
116
GB means
gigabyte
117
What is meant by phishing?
Creator sends out legitimate looking email; as soon as recipient clicks on a link in the email/attachment, the user is sent to a fake website
118
What are the effects of phishing?
Loss of personal data such as bank account numbers. Can also lead to identity theft.
119
How to prevent phishing?
Be aware and cautious when opening emails or attachments. Use anti-phishing software. Look for HTTPS
120
What's spear phishing?
Attacks a specific individual to gain access to sensitive information
121
What's the difference between phishing and spear phishing?
Spear phishing attacks one person, phishing attacks many
122
What's the aim of phishing?
Steal personal data like credit cards and bank information
123
What is meant by pharming?
vicitim clicks a link and malicious code installed on their computer which redirects to fake website to steal personal information
124
How do you prevent pharming?
Install anti-malware, don't click suspicious links
125
What's a virus?
Replicates itself, corrupts data
126
What's a worm?
Replicates itself, finds weaknesses in networks and slows them down
127
What's spyware?
Records actions on a computer
128
What's an example of spyware?
Keylogger
129
What's a trojan horse?
Used to disguise other malware
130
What's adware?
Designed to create advert banners and popups when online
131
What's ransomware?
Encrypts data so you can't access it, creators demand ransom to give it back
132
What replicates itself, corrupts data?
Viruses
133
What replicates itself, finds weaknesses in networks and slows them down?
Worms
134
What records actions on a computer?
Spyware
135
What's a keylogger?
Example of spyware
136
What's used to disguise other malware?
Trojan horse
137
What's designed to create advert banners and popups when online?
Adware
138
What encrypts data so you can't access it, creators demand ransom to give it back?
Ransomware
139
Name three protections against malware
Anti-malware, firewalls, backups
140
What 3 things does anti-malware do?
Scans, quarantines and deletes any malware found
141
What's a firewall?
Helps prevent malware - looks at data coming in and out of a computer
142
What scans, quarantines and deletes any malware found?
Anti-malware
143
What helps prevent malware - looks at data coming in and out of a computer?
Firewalls
144
What looks for spyware?
Anti-spyware
145
All forms of data need to be converted into ________
binary
146
All forms of ______ need to be converted to binary
data
147
Computers represent: ____ = 1 and _____ = 0
ON = 1, OFF = 0
148
Computers _________ all data as binary
process
149
Computers use a c_______ p_______ u______
central processing unit
150
Convert 0110 to denary
6
151
Convert 01101 to denary
13
152
Convert 101010 to denary
42
153
Convert 11111 to denary
31
154
Convert 0101 1101 to denary
93
155
What are the 8 bit binary placeholders?
128 / 64 / 32 / 16 / 8 / 4 / 2 / 1
156
What are the 12 bit binary placeholders?
2048 / 1024 / 512 / 256 / 128 / 64 / 32 / 16 / 8 / 4 / 2 / 1
157
Denary is used by _____
humans
158
Binary is used by ______
computers
159
Denary is base __
10
160
Binary is base __
2
161
____ is base 10
denary
162
____ is base 2
binary
163
Denary number system facts
Base 10, used by humans, less digits for numbers, 0-9
164
Binary number system facts
Base 2, used by computers, more digits for numbers, 0 & 1
