Everything Flashcards
Pass EMT final (123 cards)
1
Q
What percentage of O2 is in sea lvl air?
A
21%
2
Q
Of the percentage of O2 we breath in the air, what percent is used and what percent exhaled?
A
5% of the O2 in the air is used and 16% is exhaled.
3
Q
What is Hypoxia?
A
Shortage of O2 in the body.
4
Q
How long before Hypoxia causes tissue death in the brain?
A
3-4 mins.
5
Q
How long before Hypoxia causes tissue death in the liver and kidneys?
A
15-20 mins.
6
Q
How long before Hypoxia causes tissue death in the heart?
A
20-40 mins.
7
Q
Oropharynx and Nasopharynx are?
A
Beginning passages to the lung.
8
Q
The three respiratory muscles consist of?
A
The diaphragm, intercostal, and accessory muscles.
9
Q
Adult respiration ranges from?
A
12-20 RPM
10
Q
Children respirations range from?
A
20-30 RPM
11
Q
Infants 1yr > respiratory rates are?
A
30-60 RPM
12
Q
What are the pH derangements?
A
• Acidosis:when the pH is below 7.35 • Alkalosis:when the pH is above 7.45
13
Q
Maximum inhalation volume?
A
6,000 mLO2
14
Q
What are the two types of suctioning tools?
A
French (soft tip), and the Rigid (Tonsil tip)
15
Q
How long should you apply suction to a pT airway for?
A
15 Sec.
16
Q
How frequently should you suction an airway?
A
Allow 2 minutes in between each session.
17
Q
What is Hypoxemia?
A
Shortage of O2 in the Blood.
18
Q
What is Ischemia?
A
Restriction in blood supply to an organ or sections of the body. (Shunting)
19
Q
What 4 major oxygen delivery devices are there?
A
The Nasal Canula, Simple mask, (Partial) Rebreather, and the Non-rebreather.
20
Q
The nasal canula is set to what range of O2 and delivers what percentage of oxygen?
A
The nasal canula is set from 2-6 mL and provides 25-40% O2.
21
Q
The simple mask is set to what range of O2 and delivers what percentage of oxygen?
A
The simple mask is set from 6-10 mL and provides 40-60% O2.
22
Q
The (partial) rebreather is set to what range of O2 and delivers what percentage of oxygen?
A
The (partial) rebreather mask is set from 10-12 mL and provides 60-80% O2.
23
Q
The non-rebreather is set to what range of O2 and delivers what percentage of oxygen?
A
The non-rebreather is set from 10-12 mL and provides 100% O2.
24
Q
O2 tanks are changed at what PSI?
A
Around 500 PSI.
25
What are some signs of inadequate breathing?
Skin: Pale or cyanotic, cool, clammy Nasal flaring, agonizing breaths, Seesaw breathing in infants.
26
When would an EMT deny O2 to a pT?
\*\*NEVER!!\*\*
27
When a pT heart rate drops to low its called?
When it drops below 60 BPM in adults its called Bradycardia.
28
When a pT heart rate climbs too high its called?
When it climbs above 100 BPM in adults its called Tachycardia.
29
Normal pupil range is?
4-6mm
30
Uneven pupils more then 1mm is called?
Anisocoria
31
PERL?
Pupils equal and reactive to light.
32
What is a Pulse Oximeter?
Measures the percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin in the body.
33
What percentages are considered of a normal pulse ox reading?
96-100%
34
What percentages are considered of a hypoxic pulse ox reading?
91-95%
35
What percentages are considered of a significantly hypoxic pulse ox reading?
86-90%
36
What percentages are considered of a severely hypoxic pulse ox reading?
85\>%
37
Average blood glucose levels in the body\>
65-110mgldL
38
AVPU?
Alert, Verbal, Pain, and Unresponsive
39
Sample history report?
Signs + Symptoms Allergies Medications Past medical history Last oral intake Events leading to
40
Six steps of the chain of infection?
1.) The infection agent 2.) reservoir host 3.) Portal of exit 4.) Mode of transmission 5.) Portal of entry 6.) Susceptible host
41
Cell structures are?
Cells that group together to for tissues.
42
Tissue is?
Cells group together to form tissue and these tissues group together to for organs.
43
What are the 4 types of Tissues?
Epithelial connective muscular nervous
44
Name the 11 Organ systems?
Cardiovascular,Digestive, Endocrine, integumentary, Lymphatic and Immune, nervous, reproductive, skeletal, muscular, urinary and respiratory.
45
What two membranes are the lungs contained in?
Visceral and the Parietal
46
What are the three respiratory muscles?
Diaphragm, Intercostal, and accessory.
47
What 3 elements make up external respirations?
Ventilation, Exchange of O2 and CO2, Transport between lung and tissue.
48
LeForte fractures cover?
From the orbital down to the end of the mandible.
49
EOA device is?
Esophageal obturator airway. Has 16 holes in its tube.
50
What is shock?
The opposite of homeostasis due to inadequate tissue perfusion.
51
Name the different types of shock. (CHAMPSRN)
Cardiogenic, hypovolemic, anaphylactic, metabolic, psychogenic, septic, neurogenic.
52
How long do you take to find a pulse before beginning compressions?
10 sec.
53
AED shocks are biphasic which means?
The shock travels across and back again.
54
Provide compressions at a rate of at least?
100 CPM
55
ROSC?
Return of spontaneous circulation.
56
Compression rates for an adult?
30:2 single rescuer and assisted.
57
Compression rates for a child?
30:2 single rescuer and 15:2 assisted.
58
Compression rates for an infant?
30:2 single rescuer and 15:2 assisted.
59
Where do you check a pulse on an infant?
Brachial artery.
60
What is rescue breathing?
When the heart is functioning within normal rates but the pt is not breathing adequately you provide rescue breaths.
61
FBAO?
Foreign body airway obstruction.
62
Two types of injury causing energy?
Kinetic and potential.
63
MOI?
Mechanism of injury.
64
What are given examples of a significant MOI?
Falls over 3X patients hight. Death of an occupant in the same vehicle. Roll overs, ejections, extrication that takes over 20 minutes. Interior damage over 20" exterior damage over 12"
65
What are the two most dangerous types of collisions?
Rotational and Roll overs.
66
MVA?
Motor vehicle accidence.
67
What are the 3 impacts of an MVA?
Vehicle strikes an object, body strikes vehicle, organs strike body.
68
5 classifications of a MVA?
head on lateral rear end rotational roll over
69
What is a coup and counter coup injury?
The first and second injury a brain takes from whip lash or trauma.
70
What is the function of the circulatory system?
Maintain perfusion.
71
What are three major components of the cardiovascular system?
Blood (hemoglobin), Blood vessels, Heart.
72
What are some functions of blood?
Transports O2, Transports CO2, Heats and cools the body, defends against pathogens.
73
What are some functions of blood vessels?
Dilates and constricts to maintain bp, perfuses organs.
74
Blood consist of what percentages of?
55% plasma, 45% RBC, 1% WBC
75
What are the layers of skin?
Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous.
76
Some functions of skin?
Regulates heat, Protects against pathogens.
77
BSI?
Body substance Isolation.
78
DCAP-BTLS
Deformity Contusions Aberrations/avulsions Punctures/penetrations Burns Tenderness Lacerations Swelling
79
Treatment for 1st Degree burns?
Stop the burning process Apply cold running water or saline soaked dressings For large burns be careful not to induce hypothermia
80
Treatment for 2nd Degree burns?
Stop the burning process Apply cold running water or saline soaked dressings For large burns be careful not to induce hypothermia Cover with non stick dressing
81
Treatment for 3rd Degree burns?
Stop the burning process DO NOT apply cold running water or saline soaked dressings Cover with dry, non-stick dressing
82
Severe blood loss for adults is considered?
1 liter.
83
Severe blood loss for children is considered?
500 mL.
84
Severe blood loss in infants is considered?
100-200 mL.
85
muscular skeletal injuries?
Fracture, sprains, strains, dislocations.
86
How does a sprain differ from a strain?
You strain a muscle by hyperextension, you sprain a joint the same.
87
CSM?
circulation, sensation, motor.
88
6 types of fractures.
comminuted, impact, greenstick, oblique, spiral, transverse.
89
When splinting an injury you should always?
Check for CSM, immobilize the joint or bone above and below the injury, then check CSM again.
90
The RUQ contains what organs?
Liver, gall bladder, large intestine and right kidney.
91
The RLQ contains what organs?
Appendix, colon, small intestine, and urinary bladder.
92
The LUQ contains what organs?
Stomach, left kidney, spleen, pancreas, and large intestine.
93
The LLQ contains what organs?
Colon, small intestine, and urinary bladder.
94
What are the solid organs?
liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys.
95
OPQRST
Onset, Provocation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time.
96
SOAP
Subjective, objective, assessment, and plan
97
1st Degree burns are AKA?
Superficial
98
2nd Degree burns are AKA?
Partial Thickness
99
3rd Degree burns are AKA?
Full Thickness
100
Sludge
Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defication, Gastric upset Emesis
101
5 "Rights" to medication administration?
Right PT, Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Route, Right Time.
102
Acetaminophen / Tylenol
Use: Mild pain, fever management Dose: Adlt 650mg, Pedi 15mg per kg Route: PO,PR Onset: 30 min. Duration: 6-8 hrs. Contra: Active liver disease Permission: A
103
Activated charcoal / Acta-Char
Use: Absorption of ingested toxins Dose: Container full Route: PO Onset: 1 min. Duration: 4-12 hrs. Contra: None Permission: A
104
Albuterol / Ventolin
Use: Bronchodilator, Asthma Dose: 2.5 mg/ml Route: Inh neb Onset: 5 min. Duration: 3-6 hrs. Contra: None Permission: R
105
Aspirin / Bayer
Use: Mild pain, fever management, MI Dose: 160-325 mg/ml Route: PO Onset: 30 min. Duration: 3-6 hrs. Contra: Bleeding disorders Permission: A
106
Atropine / ATRO-pen
Use: Never agent antidote Dose: 2mg/ml Route: IM Onset: Immediate Duration: 2-6 hrs. Contra: None Permission: A (Mass Incident)
107
Calcium Gluconate
Use: Hydrofluoric acid burns Dose: 2.5% gel Route: Transdermal Onset: Immediate Duration: ? Contra: ? Permission: A
108
Epinephrine / EPI-pen
Use: Anaphylaxis Dose: Adlt 1:1000 0.3mg/ml, Children (25-50lbs.) 1:1000 0.2mg/ml, Pedi 1:1000 .01 mg/ml - 1.0mg/ml Route: IM Onset: Immediate Duration: 1-4 hrs. Contra: Tachycardia Permission: A (anaphylaxis), R (asthma)
109
Glucagon / Glucagen
Use: Hypoglycemia Dose: Adlt 1unit/1mg, Pedi 0.1 - 1mg Route: IM Onset: 4-20 min. Duration: 12-30 min. Contra: Pheochromocytoma Permission: R
110
Glucose Oral / gluctose
Use: Hypoglycemia Dose: 15 mg/ml Route: Buccal Onset: 30 mins. Duration: 1 hrs. Contra: Unconscious or unable to maintain airway. Permission: A
111
Naloxone HCI / Narcan
Use: Overdose Dose: Suspected overdose - 2.0mg/ml till 10.mg/ml Altered mental status - 0.mg/ml @ 1min till 2.0mg/ml Route: IM, IN Onset: 1-2min. Duration: 30-45min. Contra: known formula allergy Permission: R
112
Nitroglycerine (Pts own)
Use: Chest pain management Dose: 0.4 mg/ml (1 tablet or oral spray) Route: SL Onset: 1-3 mins. Duration: 30 - 60 mins. Contra: BP \>90 Permission: R
113
Organophosphate (Auto injector) / 2 Pam (AJ)
Use: Never agent antidote Dose: Pen Route: IM Onset: Immediate Duration: ? Contra: ? Permission: A (Mass incident)
114
AEIOUTIPS?
Alcohol, Epilepsy, Insulin, Overdose, Uremia, Trama, Infection, Psychogenic, Stroke
115
What are the two types of seizures?
Symptomatic, Epileptic
116
What are the two types of stroke?
Ischemic and Hemorrhagic
117
What is a Ischemic stroke?
The blood vessels to the brain have become occluded.
118
What is cerebral thrombosis?
A type of ischemic stroke where the blood vessel developed a blockage within it self.
119
What is an embolism?
A clot that emerges from some where else in the body typically the heart and lodges in the blood vessels to the brain cause an ischemic stroke.
120
What is a hemorrhagic stroke?
The rupturing of a blood vessel to the brain.
121
What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
The rupture of an artery with bleeding into the subarachnoid space.
122
What is a intracerebral hemorrhage?
the rupture of an artery with bleeding into the parenchyma of the brain.
123
APGAR?
Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respirations
