Everything Flashcards
(11 cards)
The misclassification of data in a study due to preconceived or skewed interpretation of a subjective result is an example of what type of bias?
Observer bias
When a factor not being controlled for in a study has an effect on the outcome, it is known as a __________ factor.
Ex. in a study looking at the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular disease, fatty food intake could be a potential _______ factor.
Confounding
When a screening test results in earlier disease detection but does not affect age of death due to inadequate treatment options, it is known as this type of bias…
Lead-time bias
Inaccurate recollection of past exposure by study participants is known as…?
Recall bias
Describe selection bias.
When participant selections methods are non-random and skew towards a certain population trait, or if there is selective attrition of participants (ie. adverse affects of a drug resulting in drop-out of participants in the active drug group).
Which statistical test should be used to compare the mean values of two groups?
T-test
Which statistical test should be used to compare the percentage of 3 different ethnic groups that have rheumatoid arthritis?
Chi-square test
What is it called when researchers reach the conclusion that there is no difference between two groups when a difference truly exists?
Beta error
Which nerves are involved in the cough reflex when food is lodged in the throat?
Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (sensory only) is the afferent branch, and the efferent branch is the vagus.
Note that the internal laryngeal nerve can be damaged from sharp objects punturing through the mucosa of the piriform recess.
The time elapsed from exposure to a pathogen or drug and the clinical manifestation of that exposure is known as …?
Incubation period or latent period
How is incidence calculated?
of new cases / # of people initially free of the disease
