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1
Q

Where is amylase released?

A

salivary glands

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2
Q

What does amylase break down?

A

Starch

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3
Q

Where is protease released?

A

Stomach, pancreas and small intestine

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4
Q

What does protease break down?

A

protein

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5
Q

Where is lipase produced?

A

Pancreas

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6
Q

What does lipase break down?

A

Lipids

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7
Q

What biological molecule are enzymes made of?

A

proteins

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8
Q

What is the active site of an enzyme?

A

the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

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9
Q

What is a substrate?

A

A substrate is a molecule acted upon by an enzyme.

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10
Q

What are the products of digestion used for in the body?

A

Glucose is used for respiration

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11
Q

What does denatured mean?

A

When an enzyme is denatured its active site will have changed and will not be effective due to high pH or temperature.

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12
Q

How does increasing the temperature affect enzyme activity?

A

It was increase the rate of reaction until at a certain point the enzymes will denature

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13
Q

How does pH affect enzyme activity?

A

Changing the pH of its surroundings will also change the shape of the active site of an enzyme.

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14
Q

What is the role of bile in digestion?

A

Bile makes it easier to break down fatty material.

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15
Q

Where in the body is bile made?

A

The gall bladder

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16
Q

What is a double circulatory system?

A

This means we have two loops in our body in which blood circulates.

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17
Q

What is a pacemaker?

A

a device for stimulating the heart muscle and regulating its contractions.

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18
Q

What is the role of the coronary arteries?

A

Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle.

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19
Q

Where does the left atrium pump blood to?

A

the left ventricle

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20
Q

Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?

A

alveoli

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21
Q

Name the gas that moves from the blood into the lungs.

A

carbon dioxide

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22
Q

Name the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

A

Arteries

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23
Q

Which blood vessels are only one cell thick?

A

capillaries

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24
Q

Which blood vessels have thick muscular walls?

A

Arteries

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25
Which blood vessels have valves?
Veins
26
What is plasma?
It carries the blood components, hormones, nutrients and waste.
27
What is the role of a red blood cell?
They carry oxygen
28
In what two ways can white blood cells fight infection?
They engulf pathogens or produce antibodies
29
What is the role of platelets?
To form blood clots to stop bleeding
30
What is coronary heart disease?
a disease that narrows the arteries
31
What are the risk factors for coronary heart disease?
high blood pressure, high cholesterol, tobacco use, diabetes, a strong family history of heart disease or obesity
32
What is a stent?
a tube shaped device that keeps your arteries open
33
What are statins?
Medicine that lowers cholesterol
34
What is the role of heart valves?
To stop blood flowing the wrong way
35
Give two faults that can occur with heart valves.
They can be leaky or not open fully
36
What treatment can be given to a person with faulty heart valves?
heart transplant, valve replacement
37
Name three conditions that can lead to heart failure.
high blood pressure, leaky valves, obesity
38
Define the word health.
the state of being free from illness or injury.
39
What are communicable diseases?
Diseases that spread
40
What are non-communicable diseases?
diseases that don't spread
41
Name 4 ways that different types of disease can interact to make a person ill.
bacteria, protozoa, virus, fungi
42
List some human costs of non-communicable diseases.
very expensive, causes misery for carers and persons
43
List some financial costs of non-communicable diseases.
having to pay for treatment and care
44
Name two other risk factors that affect health.
underweight, unsafe sex, high blood pressure, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene.
45
What are the risk factors for cardio vascular disease?
``` Smoking. cholesterol. (high blood pressure) Physical inactivity. Obesity. Uncontrolled diabetes. Uncontrolled stress and anger ```
46
What is a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?
High blood pressure, overweight
47
How does alcohol cause liver disease?
Too much alcohol causes destruction of liver cells, which results in scarring of the liver.
48
What does alcohol damage in the brain?
The neurons
49
What is COPD?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
50
Give two examples of COPD.
Chronic bronchitis, which involves a long-term cough with mucus Emphysema, which involves damage to the lungs over time
51
What is the main cause of COPD?
smoking
52
What is the biggest risk factor for lung cancer?
Smoking
53
What are the symptoms of lung cancer?
Prolonged coughing, chest infections, coughing up blood, persistent breathlessness, lack of energy, weight loss
54
What are the risks of smoking while pregnant?
increases the risk of health problems for developing babies
55
What is the risk of heavy drinking throughout pregnancy?
increase the risk of problems such as miscarriage
56
What is a carcinogen?
a carcinogen is any substance or agent that promotes cancer
57
How can carcinogens cause cancer?
Carcinogens may cause cancer by altering cellular metabolism or damaging DNA directly in cells, which interferes with normal biological processes.
58
Name four types of carcinogens?
chemical, environmental radiation, medical radiation, lifestyle factors
59
What is a tumour?
Lumps of cells
60
What are benign tumours?
Not dangerous and usually don't cause problems
61
What are malignant tumours?
They are dangerous tumours made of cancer cells that spread and cause damadge.
62
Which type of tumour is cancerous?
Malignant
63
What is a plant tissue?
a collection of similar cells performing an organized function for the plant
64
Epidermal
The plant skin which has a waxy cuticle to provide a protective barrier against mechanical injury, water loss, and infection.
65
Spongy mesophyll
allow for the interchange of gases that are needed for photosynthesis
66
Xylem
Xylem tissue is used mostly for transporting water from roots to stems.
67
Phloem
Phloem is responsible for transporting food produced from photosynthesis from leaves to non-photosynthesizing parts of a plant such as roots and stems.
68
Meristem
Its main function is to trigger the growth of new cells in young seedlings at the tips of roots and shoots and forming buds.
69
What is the role of the leaf organ?
photosynthesis, gaseous exchange and transport
70
What is the role of the guard cells?
They help to regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata
71
Name the organs in the plant organ system that transports substances around the plant.
The stem, root and leaves transports substances into, around and out of a plant.
72
What is the role of the root hair cell?
to collect water and mineral nutrients present in the soil
73
What is transpiration?
the exhalation of water vapour through the stomata.
74
What is translocation?
the movement of something from one place to another.
75
What factors increase the rate of transpiration?
temperature, humidity, light intensity

Biology (11 decks)

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