Everything Condensed and in own Words Flashcards

Question

The Decline of Fordism (1970s...) from lecture

Answer 1

• Flexible Specialization • Globalisation • Growing demand by women to enter workforce • Modern Consumerism- people wanted more niche products to develop identities. • Neoliberal De-Regulation (state retrenchment) Knox and Pinch, 2010

Answer 2

The idealised notion of neighbourhood communities began to lose its appeal and came under scrutiny- greater recognition of the divided nature of society.

Answer 3

All nations are “imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each they carry the image of their communion” (Anderson 1983)

Answer 4

Many workers who came from British colonies faced discrimination 1958 race riots in Nottingham and London 1960s and early 70s - many instances of racism in the unions — discrimination against black workers and even racist strikes in UK.

Answer 5

Where people feel and express concern with order, conformity and social homogeneity (Knox and Pinch, 2010: 191). * Often involves cultural identity politics. * Mediated by power relationships: – Issues of dominance and oppression * Exclusion of groups who transgress (or are expected to transgress - Cresswell).

Answer 6

– the process of perceiving or portraying someone or something as intrinsically different or alien. – binary of self and other (“not one of us”) – class, ethnicity, disability, religion

Answer 7

Jim Crow Laws- The segregation of public schools, public places, and public transportation.

Answer 8

rich and poor are distributed in a way that makes the city resemble a patchwork quilt. However, increasingly, polarisation of the rich and poor has started to accelerate

Answer 9

* Offer a false sense of security * Can become a target * Can create community hostility – ‘ghettos of affluence’ * More about prestige and aspiration than fear of crime? * Could undermine public services * Can cause ghettos outside

Answer 10

the acts, routines, rituals, actions, movements, and uses (of space) that are carried out by people (often in their daily lives).

Answer 11

When people – especially minorities – feel threatened... they often have a strong demand for internal cohesion. (Knox and Pinch 2010: 172)

Answer 12

1. Defence- Northern Ireland – Fall’s Road (working-class protestant and Catholic communities) 2. Mutual Support- ‘Gay communities’ San Francisco – Castro District 3. Cultural preservation- Harlem Renaissance NYC- a flowering of African- American literature and art in the 1920s. 4. To facilitate ‘Attack’

Answer 13

1. Regime of Flexible Accumulation 2. ‘Splintering Urbanism’ - Graham and Marvin, 2001

Answer 14

Identities and lifestyles were created through consumption More and more counter cultures (a way of life and set of attitudes opposed to or at variance with the prevailing social norm)

Answer 15

Expansion of both low-paying and high- paying service sector jobs, is leading towards the decline of middle-incomes.

Answer 16

“the electronic medium of computer networks, in which online communication takes place.” (Dictionary.com, 2006) Most definitions include some sort of mention to computer networks (Woolley, 2005)

Answer 17

The Internet- Kitchin creates a distinction between the internet and virtual reality Virtual Reality- an actual sensory experience of digital space Telecommunications- important in the provision of access to the internet, particularly in the developing world The internet of things- connects not just people but objects

Answer 18

Cyberspace acts as a sort of metaphor for an almost alternate universe we exist in apart from our real, physical world (Wonderopolis.org, 2017) Words like ‘virus’ no longer just have biological connotations, merging the two ‘worlds further (Cicognani, 1998) Spaced as we know it is being redefined, so much so cyberspace is now considered to be real space for many people (Campbell and Shapiro, 1999)

Answer 19

Reducing distance Creating reliationships Global village

Answer 20

Youth protest groups protests in Tahir Square in early 2011 | Twitter was important in instigation and made it easier to assemble people and organise (80,000)

Answer 21

New York 1,000s of people joined in the movement Galvanised through digital communication

Answer 22

1. Networking and organisation Enables very broad and quick communication 2. Mobilising and congregating (Jeffrey Juris, 2012)

Answer 23

We adopt different roles in different circumstances | Papachrissi, 2010

Answer 24

(Knox & and Pinch 2-3) | Underlying social structures order our lives Vs. Individual human capacity to effect change

Answer 25

De Certeau sees strategy as the techniques of the powerful to effect structure. Tactics are those actions which sneak around or even challenge these structures.

Answer 26

“aggressive food consumption” xenophobic? | The possibility for intercultural exchange?

Answer 27

The squirm of disgust is linked to distinctions of class and modernity.

Answer 28

Looking at the way that popular culture interacts with society Beyond institutions of power e.g. Comic books, Jason Dittmer

Answer 29

What are the objects that you deal with in day to day life | How to apparently boring objects play a role in society at large?

Answer 30

``` Being in the world!! Studying society from a street level perspective Focussing on a small scale perspective Mitchell Duneier Sidewalk (1999) Pink (2013) Doing Ethnography ```

Answer 31

Human beings for their existence Objects in turn form us Materiality is an integral part of culture “Opposed”- you can't disentangle the two, you need one to understand the other

Answer 32

Constantly engaged in representing ourselves- taking a photo of ourselves in a way that we would be otherwise unable to do Tells how important it is our desire to curate our identity Created in response of a social tendency

Answer 33

Material culture reflects our society Society is formed by material objects Our economy is (was?) based on material things Built infrastructure is the backbone of society

Answer 34

Which things to we value the most? | How are our cultural and social priorities reflected in material culture?

Answer 35

The foundations of our economy remain material | The value of everyday objects changes in relation to a number of basic commodities.

Answer 36

Value Symbolism Sensorial Activity

Answer 37

Marx called value “Congealed Labour-time” | What something is worth is the total amount of effort that went into it- a manifestation of human effort

Answer 38

Roland Barthes used this as the basis for ‘semiology’ a reading of culture and objects on the basis of what they mean. Mythologies (1957)

Answer 39

Sensory/sensual epistemology – knowledge derived from the body

Answer 40

What if we think of objects as active instead of passive? Agency (Gell 1998)

Answer 41

``` Who picks and grows them? – working conditions, agency Who trades them? - Economic value How are they advertised? -Cultural meaning What are they like to eat? Sensorial ```

Answer 42

Electric avenue: first street in London to be lit up with electricity Bon marche: first purpose built department store in Britain 1841 Brixton was semi-rural During the 19th century- a train line opened, birth of commuter culture and created the birth of suburbs.

Answer 43

Employment for women Acceptable places for women to spend their leisure time Public but inside

Answer 44

Modern forms of consumption have grown to new kinds of space in the city. Private spaces that feel public Large glass constructions Spaces of liberation and of control Liminal space- between things- between public and private- ambiguous. You can do anything you want but you’re also under constant threat. Surveillance panopticon micropowers (Foucault) Shopping centres are designed to promote a specific form of behaviour. Disciplined not by the institution but by members of the public who take on a disciplinary role.

Answer 45

Places in the city that don’t have this sense of control, true public spaces

Answer 46

The concept of land ownership is complex Even “Public Land” is essentially owned by the Crown Many roads follow rights of way through land owned by others In modern developments “public” is increasingly wholly private e.g. Olympic site

Answer 47

Ruth Glass German émigré first used the term in 1964.

Answer 48

``` Tendency just to focus on middle-class Slater (2006). Social fallout of gentrification amongst lower class forced to move out. ``` Can you apply term that was oringally just for London to all over the world? Lees (2016)

Answer 49

Ley: changes in consumption behaviour have changed the way cities are lived in (1986) Smith: changing land use structured by uneven investment and profit drive. (1979) “It does not matter whether production or consumption is viewed as more important in driving gentrification, so long as neither is completely ignored” (Slater 2011:575)

Answer 50

``` Brick lane has been home to a working class community, shaped by waves of migration. Cereal killer cafe targeted... ```

Answer 51

Light industry, warehouses, small factories in Shoreditch 80s/90s Made it an environment which young artists could make in their own image

Answer 52

Developers and governments actively attempting to attract ‘creatives’

Answer 53

Foucault compared modern cities to a panoptican- a design of building where people can be observed centrally and may not know they are being looked at - example is a prison. Modern cities are like this as you are constantly being observed by passers-by, security firms or cctv. Constant observation = individuals behave how the state wants them to behave as they fear being judged. This fear of judgement then creates the carceral city

Everything Condensed and in own Words Flashcards

(77 cards)