Everything Else

Question 1

Skin color is determined by what three pigments?

Answer 1

Hemoglobin, melanin, and carotene

Question 2

What are the two types of skeleton? Describe them.

Answer 2

Hydrostatic (fluid-filled, such as worms) and rigid (could be endoskeleton or exoskeleton)

Question 3

What kind of skeleton do mammals have? What about crabs/spiders?

Answer 3

Mammals = endoskeleton, crabs/spiders = exoskeleton

Question 4

Explain the two types of digestion in animals

Answer 4

Intracellular digestions (digestion inside cells) and extracellular digestions (digestion using organs like the gut)

Question 5

Who digests intracellularly?

Answer 5

Protists and sponges

Question 6

Who digests extracellularly?

Answer 6

Everybody besides protists and sponges

Question 7

What is osmoregulation?

Answer 7

The balance between salt and water

Question 8

Name the three types of osmoregulation, and how to define them.

Answer 8

• Isosmotic (animal at the same solute concentration as surroundings)
• Hypoosmotic (animal is at lower solute concentration than surroundings)
• Hyperosmotic (animal is at higher solute concentrations than surroundings)

Question 9

What is osmosis?

Answer 9

The diffusion of water

Question 10

What are osmoconformers?

Answer 10

Animals who attempt to conform to saltwater surroundings (isosmotic)

Question 11

Types of animals whose body temperature is determined by the outside environment.

Answer 11

Ectotherms (ex: lizards)

Question 12

Types of animals who generate heat from the body’s metabolism to maintain homeostasis.

Answer 12

Endotherms

Question 13

Describe insect respiration.

Answer 13

They get air through the internal parts of tubes that extend from the outside of their body. The tubes are called “tracheae”. The openings of the tubes are called “spiracles”. They supply air directly to cells.

Question 14

T or F: Insects do not have lungs.

Answer 14

True - they indeed do not have lungs

Question 15

What is vertebrate blood composed of? Give percentages.

Answer 15

55% plasma, 45% cells.

Question 16

___ carries blood away from the heart.

Answer 16

The aorta.

Question 17

___ carried blood back to the heart.

Answer 17

Veins.

Question 18

Who were the first to develop a nerve network?

Answer 18

Cnidarians

Question 19

Who were the first to develop cephalization?

Answer 19

Platyhelminthes

Question 20

The brain and spinal cord are apart of the ___.

Answer 20

Central nervous system.

Question 21

The cranial/spinal nerves and sensory/autonomic ganglia are part of the ___.

Answer 21

Peripheral nervous system.

Question 22

What are the three parts of the vertebrate brain?

Answer 22

Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.

Question 23

What are the major functions of the forebrain? There are two regions you should name.

Answer 23

The cerebrum (conscious thought and perception), and the hypothalamus (regulation of appetites from hunger to sex drive)

Question 24

What is the major function of the midbrain?

Answer 24

Relay center (motor movement, auditory/visual processing).

Question 25

What are the major functions of the hindbrain? There are two regions you should name.

Answer 25

Cerebellum (motor control) and the medulla oblongata (control of heartbeat and respiration).

Question 26

What is the division of the ___ nervous system that controls unconscious actions?

Answer 26

Peripheral; autonomic

Question 27

What is the term to describe the thought of imagining the POV of an animal?

Answer 27

Umwelt

Question 28

What is "ethology"?

Answer 28

The study of animal behavior in its natural environment

Question 29

What is sociobiology?

Answer 29

Using ethology to study social behavior.

Question 30

___ coloration is the bright coloring of animals to warn others of their danger.

Answer 30

Aposematic

Question 31

Mating behavior re: 1 female, 2+ males

Answer 31

Polyandry

Question 32

Mating behavior re: 1 male, 2+ females

Answer 32

Polygyny

Question 33

What is the aggressive behavior called when fiddler crabs wave their claws about in a mutual understanding of aggression?

Answer 33

Ritualized Threat Display

Question 34

The divergence of a species via geographic manipulation is called ___.

Answer 34

A vicariant event, or, vicariance.

Question 35

The divergence of a species via voluntarily movement/migration elsewhere is called ___.

Answer 35

Dispersal.

Question 36

What happened 3.5mya, when the panamanian land bridge allowed animals to cross between North and South America?

Answer 36

The Great American Interchange

Question 37

How many major biomes are there?

Answer 37

10

Question 38

Who pointed out/identified the 10 major biomes?

Answer 38

Alexander von Humboldt

Question 39

What are the two major classifications of marine environments?

Answer 39

Benthic, pelagic

Question 40

What are the two tidal zones in the benthic region?

Answer 40

Intertidal, and subtidal

Question 41

What marine environment has the highest productivity, and therefore is the richest in animal life?

Answer 41

The intertidal zone.