Everything Pediatric ): Flashcards
(50 cards)
What are Neural-Maturationist Theories
Functional behaviors develop with the nervous system = NATURE
WHat are cognitive theories
Environment derives development = NURTURE
What are the 3 stages of motor learning
Cognitve: Understanding
Assoicative: Fine tuning
Autonomous: automatic
What is the direction in the body of reflexes and motor development
Cephalcaudal (head and neck before trunk)
proximodistal (proximal control. before distal)
Reflex to voluntary
General to specific
What is a developmental spiral
REGRESS to previous developmental positioa n for higher gross motor task
Describe asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
“football throw” when head turned, arm + leg in front of head is extended and back arm is flexed
Birth to 4-6 months (first half of year)
If not integrated
- visual pursuit issues
- Rolling issues
- Crawling issues
- Skeletal deformities
Related to UE movement with head turn
Symmetrical tonic neck reflex
in quadruped, head ext means arms also ext and legs flex, and vice versa. Symmetrical b/c arms do the what head does on both sides. Legs do opposite on both sides.
6-12 months (second half of year)
If not integrated, then prone prop on arms, crawling + hand and knee position , sitting balance,
use of hands when looking at object
Tonic Labrinthine Reflex
More ext tone in supine
Flexion tone in prone
Birth to 6 month (first half of year)
Related to and would cause issues with beginner level transfers for babies (rolling, coming into sitting, prop on elbows, balance)
Grasp Reflex
Birth-6 months (first half of year)
Pressure to palm, fingers should curl
Related to WB on hands and grasping objects
Rooting reflex
Touch cheek, baby head should turn to that side
30 weeks gestation to 6 months (First half of year)
Related to oral development, social, visual, optic tracking
Galant Reflex
Stroke back causes curved hip and lateral trunk flexion on that side
30 weeks gestation to 2 - 9 months (long range)
If not integrated, it can lead to impaired sitting balance and scoliosis
Moro vs startle reflex
Allowing head to fall into extension
Fully horz abd then adducts arms
Moro: hands open
Startle (in response to noise, stimulus): hands closed
28 weeks gestation to 5 months (first half of year)
Related to Balance reactions, protective response, eye-hand coordination
Stepping/walking reflex
When placed on soles of feet supported, reciprocal knee bends should occur
30 weeks gestation to 2 months
Related to walking, balance, reciprocal gait
Landau Reflex
Head and feet up “superman”
3 months to 2 years (up to 2 years)
Related to neck, back, core muscle tone
Positive support reflex
Hold baby on balls of feet and they should stiffen their legs and trunk in extension
30 weeks gestation to 2 months (first quarter of year)
Relates to standing balance, walking, weight shift
Plantar grasp reflex
Stimulus of pressure at base of toes should cause toe flexion
30 weeks gestation to 9 months (long range 3 quarters of year)
Related to standing on feet, weight shifting
Gross motor milestones 3 month
Prone prop, hands to midline, open hands, can hold head in prone
(Basic lying transfers, prone everything, open hand)
4 months
Hold head w/o support, hold objects, put things in mouth
Improvement from 4 mo But nothing crazy
When does rolling occur
4-6 months
When does sitting and army crawl occur
6 - 9 months (using hands for support) for sitting, and crawl begins and gets better up to at 9 months
What occurs at 9 months
Able to pull to stand with support (maybe), sit w/o support, better with hands (e.g raking food, switching objects)
(makes sense because enaring time where walking occurs but not quite there)
What occurs around 10 -14 months
Walking started with supported, then independent, standing independent
Wlking avg age is 12 months=1 year
Pick food up to eat
15 months-17 months
More independent walking and eating, climbing stairs (not walking)
Different types types of crawling
Crawling is on belly (think army crawl)
Creeping is on hands and knees. Evidecnce on effects of crawling milestones limited
