Misc from practice exams

Question 1

Types of practice/adaptation

Answer 1

Compensation training: Involves AD
Habituation training: repeated exposure to…
Neural adaptation: practice for neural changes
Substitution

Question 2

Spina Bifida

Answer 2

Latex allergies - latex is in many things in hospital. tibes, BP cuff, catheters but NOT linen

Question 3

Lung and heart pain referral

Answer 3

Heart

Men: more chest
Women: more arm, jaw, etc.

Lung
the pleura of the lungs encompass referred pain around the chest and inferior of the breasts. Given the patient’s history, pleurisy is a possible cause of all the symptoms she is having and a recent bout of pneumonia could be the cause of the pleurisy.

Question 4

SLR Test vs 90-90 SLR test

Answer 4

SLR test for nerve
90-90 SLR also known as hamstring contracture test is for hs contracture
125 is cutoff at popliteal angle (knee)

Question 5

Load and shift

Answer 5

Strictly for anterior instbaility Feagan is for inf

Question 6

Hot packs

Answer 6

Must take jewlery off to avoid burns
6-8 LAYERS

Question 7

PCL recovery

Answer 7

1. Resistance training to the knee flexors should be postponed for 5 to 6 months after PCL reconstruction surgery. 2. Squatting past 60 - 70 degrees should be avoided because it can exert a posterior translatory force on the tibia, however squatting to 45 degrees is appropriate for early rehabilitation to increase strength of the quadriceps. 3. Squatting past 60 - 70 degrees should be avoided because it can exert a posterior translatory force on the tibia, which may compromise the graft. 4. Standing active knee flexion should be delayed for 6 to 12 weeks after PCL reconstruction surgery

Question 8

Parkinsons Interventions

Answer 8

Resistance training is recommended for patients with PD and is often most appropriate for anti-gravity extensors, such as STRENGTHEN HIP EXT, ANTIGRAVITY MUSCLES

Question 9

Lymphedema

Answer 9

chronic venous insufficiency is related and may be precursor

Question 10

Osteoporosis exercises

Answer 10

AVOID SPINAL FLEXION
DO WB exercises

Question 11

RTC and other protocols

Answer 11

As long as safe within protocol it is good as far as stretching. Consider that supine is less stressful on tendons.

Question 12

DIff Dx

Answer 12

Take your time and consider is it neuro related or MSK related etc.

e.g man leans forward when he walks with back pain

I thought it was stenosis so my answer was based on that. THERE WERE NO NEURO SYMPTOMS MENTIONED. I just went off the fact that pain was relieved with a forward lean.

I missed the fact that forward lean is related to quad weakness (backward lean for glute weakness) common theme on these exams. So would’ve made since to address this and ROM of the shortened muscles
MSK approach instead of neuro like I did .

Question 13

Steps of deriving a clinical predictions rule

Answer 13

Step one in developing a clinical prediction rule is derivation which is the identification of factors with predictive power.

Step two is validation which provides evidence of reproducible accuracy.

Step three is impact analysis which is evidence that the rule changes physician behavior and improves patient outcomes and/or reduces costs.

Question 14

Lateral medullary syndrome

Answer 14

This condition presents with paralysis of the tongue on the ipsilateral side, and contralateral paralysis of the upper and lower extremity, and deficits with proprioception and tactile sensation.

Question 15

Intermittent pneumatic compression

Answer 15

40-50 mmgh so higher level means contraindicated for CHF and kidney disease

Short stretch: 1st stage lymphedema

Compression garments: for lymphedema second stage more so , long term so only once things settle

Compression garments/bandages should be on during exercise for lymphedema

Compression bandages for night in case of lymphedema, stronger

Long stretch: more for arterial wounds

Question 16

TAKE WHAT THEY GIVE YOU

Answer 16

TAKE WHAT THEY GIVE YOU

IF YOU ARENT SURE of AN ANSWER BUT FEEL LIKE ONE MAKES SENSE BUT JUST SEEMS STUPID, PICK THAT MUG

Question 17

Abdominal aorta

Answer 17

An abdominal aorta is considered enlarged if its diameter is greater than 3.0 centimeters. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is diagnosed when the diameter is 3.0 centimeters or greater, or if it’s 50% or two standard deviations larger than its average diameter. The severity of an AAA is determined by its diameter:
Small: 3–4.4 centimeters
Medium: 4.5–5.4 centimeters
Large: Greater than 5.5 centimeters

Question 18

Head of bed with pt resting

Answer 18

Should be 30 degrees or lower unless there is a specific reason not to be

Question 19

Expected EKG changes post MI or CAD

Answer 19

Segment depression, tachycardia

Question 20

Aging skin

Answer 20

Decreased sensory integrity, decreases sensitivity to touch, and increased risk of injury, decreased elasticity

Glucose tolerance dcreased, vital capicity decreses

Question 21

multiple sclerosis diagnosis

Answer 21

MRI

Question 22

Meningitis

Answer 22

Is related to recent respiratory infection

tests

Brudzinski’s sign: A test where the patient’s hips and knees flex when their neck is passively flexed
Kernig’s sign: A test that can help diagnose meningitis. EXTEND KNEE While hip flexed

Question 23

Standing frame uses

Answer 23

Respiratory issues
Prevention of osteoporosis and bone density loss

Keeps you upright WB position

Question 24

Rigid removable dressing

Answer 24

Allows for early fitting for prosthesis and helps reduce edema and pain compared to bandaging

On the other hand, more expensive and pressure cannot be varied like elastic wrap or shrinker bandaging, and requires more monitoring

Question 25

Forward head posture

Answer 25

Upper crossed syndrome too much protraction in neck Strengthen deep neck flexors and shoulder retractors Stretch pec minor, cervical ext, and SCM?

Question 26

Migratory pain

Answer 26

systematic nature

Question 27

Pain degrease with rest

Answer 27

MSK

Question 28

Pressure may

Answer 28

decrease pleural friction/irritation and decrease visceral pain

Question 29

Bro if you dont know and it seems like it doesn't make sense, just simply goof you know you just trying too hard

Answer 29

Question 30

MMT for peripheral vs nerve root lesion

Answer 30

More gradual loss on MMT for nerve root lesion compared to more discernible quick loss for peripheral nerve lesion Why? Because peripheral nerve lesion is more direct, closer to specific muscle

Question 31

Decreased insulin production caused

Answer 31

increased thirst b/c pee more. Symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes

Question 32

With exercise

Answer 32

Diastolic change of +- 10 is abnormal if within 5 then okay Systolic should raise, drop if 10BPM in HR is not okay

Question 33

When in doubt for MSK

Answer 33

Consider simple anatomy. Like 7 said it starts there

Question 34

Thrombophlebitis

Answer 34

DVT

Question 35

Vitamins

Answer 35

. Potassium helps regulate normal muscle contraction and would affect the heart, intestines, and respiratory tract, but would not primarily affect proprioception (p. 185). 2. Iron deficiency can occur secondary to blood loss, malabsorption, and pregnancy. Iron deficiency may produce symptoms of irritability, lack of exercise tolerance, and headaches, but not impaired proprioception (pp. 714-715). 3. Intrinsic factor often declines with age. Intrinsic factor is a protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12. When stomach secretions do not have enough intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 is not absorbed well. This results in pernicious anemia and other problems related to low levels of vitamin B12. Inadequate vitamin B12 gradually affects sensory and motor nerves, causing impaired proprioception to develop over time. These neurological symptoms are due to myelin degeneration and loss of nerve fibers in the dorsal and lateral columns of the spinal cord and cerebral cortex. (pp. 714-715) 4. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that is an important antioxidant. Lack of vitamin E would not be expected to result in impaired proprioception.

Question 36

high pile carpeting increases roll resistance for those using a wheelchair or rolling walker (

Answer 36

Resistance training should not begin until a minimum of 8 weeks after coronary artery bypass surgery (p. 241). 3. Arm activity, such as use of ergometer, is not appropriate for patients immediately after coronary artery bypass surgery. The activity is contraindicated due to incisional precautions. (p. 241) 4. Stationary bike riding is a higher-level aerobic activity that should not be the initial choice after coronary artery bypass surgery. Limitation or restriction of upper body activities, including unloading the upper extremities, is an important element in the initial rehabilitation program for a patient post coronary artery bypass graft. A patient who may lean on the handlebars would potentially place too much pressure on their sternal incision.

Question 37

PTAs

Answer 37

Should'nt be doing any evaluating. or making deeper decisions. The cutoff is modifying exercises that is listed in the clinics protocol

Question 38

Femoral anteversion

Answer 38

The position of the patella appears inward ("squinting patella"), which could indicate femoral anteversion (Dutton). In the photograph, the right patella appears to be facing inward, which suggests femoral anteversion and medial (internal) tibial rotation (Magee).

Question 39

2. Body build is related to bone fragility, with thin patients having less cortical bone and a higher risk for fracture.

Answer 39

Osteoporosis

Question 40

Operant conditioning

Answer 40

Related to reward system, consequence, reward or punishment

Question 41

Classical conditioning

Answer 41

just a stimulus that the dog responds to