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JPaxTV Film Notes > Everything Sound Related > Flashcards

Everything Sound Related Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

How does a hyper/super cardioid achieve directionality?

A

by means of an interference tube. Tube works by making sounds from the side or back strike simultaneously cancelling themselves out, hence longer the tube the more directionality.

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2
Q

The more directional a mic the more sensitive it is to ______

A

wind noise

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3
Q

When recording 2 persons, better than panning a long directional mic back and forth, what are 2 other options?

A

use a less directional mic, or 2 mics would be better

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4
Q

are cardiod mics like the magnification of a zoom lenses (y/n)

A

no, they don’t magnify sound. They eliminate competing background noise

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5
Q

what is a balanced mic cable

A

two wires of a standard cable are enclosed in a third sheath like wire. insulates from electronic interference

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6
Q

how do you recognize a balanced mic cable

A

3 contacts on connector (instead of 2)\

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7
Q

what is impedance

A

<p>a measure of resistance of any audio device to the flow of electric current. measured in ohms represented by z</p>

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8
Q

why is low impedance equipment preferable

A

allows you to use several hundred feet of cable without picking up a hum.

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9
Q

the difference between mic level and line level in/output

A

both refer to voltage level of signal. mics are typically connected to mic level inputs, most other audio devices (mixers, pre-amps) use line level

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10
Q

what is rough voltage level of mic

A

varies based on voice level, but quite small. -60db(.001 volt)- -40 dbv.(.o10 volt)\

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11
Q

what is voltage of line level?

A

0 dbv (1.000 volt) 1,000 times higher than mic]

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12
Q

what is dbv?

A

1 volt = 0.dbv

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13
Q

different types of audio signal ?

4types

A

-mic levels,
-line levels,
instrument levels,
speakers levels\

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14
Q

why is line level better than mic level?

A

<p>less susceptible to interference</p>

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15
Q

wireless mics aren’t really wireless they use_____

A

radio transmitter and receiver

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16
Q

always position receiving antenna____

A

as close to transmitter as possible

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17
Q

check and replace transmitter/receiver batters how often?

A

every few hours

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18
Q

what is a field mixer

A

a field mixer allows you to take inputs from various audio source, combine &amp; control them, and then output signal to a camera or recorder. Can also be used to control signal before receiving it

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19
Q

A good position for a lavalier mic?

A

in the middle of chest at sternum

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20
Q

the problem with clipping lav to collar

A

too close to subjects voice box and can use variations if subject turns head

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21
Q

when clipping mic to clothing it is essential to

A

listen for cloth rubbing noise

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22
Q

worst fabrics for lav?

and best?

A

worst: silk and synthetic
best: cotton, wool

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23
Q

3 solutions to prevent cloth rubbing against mics

A

<p>-small cages are avaialbe, rolled up tape,

| tape cloth to both sides of mic, prevents movement</p>

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24
Q

how do you prevent subject from accidentally pulling cable

A

leave slack, create a strain relief loop

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25
how do condenser mics work
use a capacitor circuit to generate electricity from sound and they need power supplied to them to work (tend to be more expensive than alternative mics)
26
where does condenser mic's power come from
batteries in mic case; mic cable; or recorder
27
what are electrec condenser mics
employ a permanently charged electret capacitor, can be made cheaply. May require no power supply.
28
how does dynamic moving coil mic work
a very thin diaphragm of material is attached to a coil of thin copper wire. coil is suspended in magnetic field and when sound vibrates the diaphragm it moves up and down creating a small electric current. requires no batteries.
29
how are dynamic moving coil mics typically used
musical performers, amatuer recordists, many pro's
30
are dynamic moving coil mics more or less sensitive than condenser mic's?
typically less sensitive. usually quite rugged and resilient to noise.
31
what is pick up pattern
configuration of directions in space in which mic is sensitive to sound
32
what is omni/omnidirectiona
respond equally to sounds coming from any direction
33
what is cardioid
most sensitive to sound, coming from front. less sensitive to sound coming from side
34

super cardioid aka ____, ____ or ____ are _____ then regular cardioid's

short shotgun; mini shotgun, even less sensitive to sounds coming from side and behind
35
hyper cardioid aka ____, ____ or ____ are ____
long shotgun, long shotgun | extremely insensitive to sounds from side. picks up some sound from behind.
36
bi-directional mics have ____ pickup pattern, generally used in_____ for ______
figure 8 pickup pattern on either side. used in a studio, between two people talking.
37
boundary microphones are used how, with what pick up pattern and for what? AKA_______
mounted close to a wall @ have a hemispherical pattern, used for recording a group of people - when mic cant be closer. AKA pressure zone mic.
38
difference in volume btwn the quieter point and loudest point is called____
dynamic range
39
the human ear has a dynamic range of _____ db
130 db
40
in audio recording systems dynamic range is sometimes called____
signal to noise ratio (s/n)
41
"signal" is the ____
the sound we want to record
42
"noise" can be__
can be system noise from amplifiers and circuits in recorders
43
noise floor is ?
where the sound signal gets lost in the limits of digital recording
44
analog recorders have (more or less) dynamic range b/c of ____
less; because tape hiss is always present
45
A good quality recorder should be able to record audio without compression (y/n) ?
Yes
46
A standard audio file format for pro video BWF stands for?
Broadcast Wave Form
47
BWF is based on common microsoft format
.Wav
48
BWF includes meta data such as
timecode, date/time, bit depth, sample rate, etc
49
how does BWFm handle multi-track recording?
BWF(monophonic) creates a seperate mono file for reach channel of audio
50
how does BWFp handle?
BWF(polyphonic) combines all four channels would be recorded as a single file
51
At the high end of the codec quality spectrum _____ compression can reduce data rate w/o degrading audio
.Flax (Free Lossless audio Codec)
52
other notable audio compression formats?
WMA (windows media audio) MP3 (MPEQ2-layer3) AAC (MPEG4-Audio)
53
what is mirroring?
recorders can write files to two different memory cards at the same time
54
most lavs are? (cardiod or omnidirectional) ? Many have a ____ frequency response
- omnidirectional | - flat frequency response
55
A lav clipped to someone's | shirt may not get enough (trebble or bass) ?
trebble
56
A good position for a lavalier is ______ (specifically)
middle of chest
57
musical notes are pitches. Lower notes are _____ & the higher notes are ______
bass trebble
58
what is perceived as a pitch is determined by ____ of the sound wave? (analagous to light & color)
frequency
59
frequency is a measure if _____
how the waves of sound/pressure strike the ear
60
(Hz) is ____ measurement of
Hertz measurement of frequency in cycles (also Khz) per secound
61
doubling any frequency produces a tone ____
one octave higher
62
harmonics or overtones are
tones that sound 'musical' | they are multiples of the fundamental frequency of a vibrating object
63
define frequency response
used to describe how an audio system responds to variable frequencies of sound
64
human ear favors _____ frequency @ low volume, and at high volume is more _____
middle frequency even or flat
65
if you change the low/middle/high frequency you can change ___
character of all the sounds
66
Loudness is measured in
(dB) decibles
67
The softest of sounds occurs at _____
0 db
68
The volume of normal conversation is about _____
65 DB
69
The threshold of pain is about ____ db
130DB
70
loudness/volume results from amounts of ____ produced by sound wave.
pressure
71
Bit Depth Refers to
how accurately we measure samples
72
Digital Systems use a measurement scale to record the ____ of each level
voltage
73
In a 256 bit system the quietest sound could be given level
1
74
Typical progressional video cameras use ___ bit systems. high quality recording systems use____
16; 20 or 24 or more
75
using more bits doesn't mean recording louder sound because___
The maximum volt signal is divided by the bit depth. For ex. the 1 volt maximum signal is divided into eight levels (for a 8 bit system) & 16 (for a 16 bit)
76
bit depth is the # of bits in each ___ | and directly corresponds to the resolution of each ____
sample sample
77
In digital sound is converted to ____ then the Analog to digital (A/D) converter processes it by _____
voltage; repeatedly measuring the voltage level (sampling it) and converting those measurements to number (quantizing)
78
Quality of recording depends on how often & accurately we
sample
79
What is a Same Rate (audio)
Sample Rate is number of samples of audio carried per second, measured in Hz or kHz 44100 samples per sec - 44/1 kHz
80
A sampling rate needs to be _____ the maximum frequency we hope to capture
twice
81
too low a sample rate results in _____
aliasing
82
higher the sample rate, the better the _____ and _____
frequency response; | quality
83
CD Quality & typical web sample rate is ___
44.1 kHz
84
standard video cameras and recorders use ____ sample rate
48 kHz
85
very high end records use ____ sample rate
at 96 kHz or even 192 kHz
86
how does analog tape recording work?
converts sound energy in air to magnetic energy on tape. When tape is played back the reveres process reproduces sound
87
microphone responds to sound waves by producing ____ waves, that have essentially the same character in terms of ______ and _______.
electrical frequency amplitude
88
How does a dynamic mic work internally
Sound pressure moves diaphragm which moves coil past a magnet creating an alternating electric current (voltage) Voltage then travels to a preamplifier, which increases its strength. Although in a different form, voltage possesses the same frequency & amplitude as original sound pressure & can be used to recreate recording.
89
a recording head converts voltage to _____, which is then stored on ______
magnetic tape
90
what is confidence monitoring? | And it's benefit
listening to an actual recorded sound from file/tape. | You can be sured everything is recorded satisifactorily
91
When sending audio to another system, what is preferable digital or audio Why?
preferable not to use analog outputs because that means covering digital audio to analaog then back to digital again
92
is professional dialogue usually recorded in mono or stero?
mono
93
how do condensor mics work
use a capacity to generate electricty from sound, and they need power supplied to them to work. (more expensive)
94
where does condensor mic power come from?
batteries in mic case; mic cable; or recorder
95
what are electret condensor mics?
employ a permanently charged electret capacity, can be made cheaply. May require no power supply, a very thin diaphragm of material is attached to a coil of thin copper wire. Coil is suspended in a magnetic field, and when sound vibrates the diaphragm it moves up and down creating a small electric current. Requires no batteries
96
how does dynamic moving coil mic work
uses a wire coil and magnet to create audio signal. Diaphragm attached to coil. When diaphragm vibrates, coil moves backwards and forward past magnet
97
dynamic coil mics are typically used by? are they more or less sensitive then condensors?
musical performers, amateur recordings typically less sensitive, usually quite rugged.

JPaxTV Film Notes (10 decks)

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