EVO BIO Prelim Lec

Question 1

Who recognized the biogeographic realms?

Answer 1

Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 2

What are the 6 biological realms?

Answer 2

Paleartic, Ethiopian, Oriental, Australian, Neartic, Neotropical

Question 3

A taxon with a _____ is one that has two or more groups that are related but considerably separated from each other geographically.

Answer 3

disjunct distribution

Question 4

Examples of disjunct distribution (birds)

Answer 4

flightless birds known as ratites are a monophyletic group
ostrich in Africa
rheas in the Neotropics
emu and cassowary of Australia and New Guinea
kiwis and the recently extinct moas of New Zealand.

Question 5

Many taxa are also shared between two or more southern continents,such as?

Answer 5

lungfishes, marsupials, cichlid fishes, and southern beeches

Question 6

Alligators, skunk cabbages, and tulip trees which are among the genera that are found in ___

Answer 6

both eastern North America and in temperate eastern Asia, but not in between.

Question 7

What affects the geographic distribution of taxon?

Answer 7

contemporary and historical factors

Question 8

historical processes that have led to the current distribution of a taxon

Answer 8

extinction, dispersal, and vicariance

Question 9

is the cause of the disjunction between related taxa in eastern Asia and eastern North America.

Answer 9

extinction

Question 10

Species expand their ranges by?

Answer 10

Dispersal

Question 11

Two kinds of dispersal?

Answer 11

Range expansion and jump dispersal

Question 12

refers to the separation of populations of a widespread species by barriers arising from changes in geology, climate, or habitat.

Answer 12

Vicariance

Question 13

both important processes, and neither can be assumed, a priori, to be the sale explanation of a taxon’s distribution.

Answer 13

dispersal and vicariance

Question 14

during the_______, species shifted their ranges by dispersal into new regions.

Answer 14

Pleistocene glaciations

Question 15

indicators of biogeographic history.

Answer 15

phylogenetic relationships

Question 16

” was a large land mass that includes the present subcontinent of India and Sri Lanka.

Answer 16

greater india

Question 17

First land masses to break awat from the gondwana land

Answer 17

madagascar and india

Question 18

Taxa that originated somewhere

Answer 18

allochthonous

Question 19

Taxa that evolved within the region

Answer 19

autochthonous

Question 20

is the description and analysis of the processes that govern the geographic distribution of lineages of genes, especially within species and among closely related species

Answer 20

phylogeography

Question 21

Two hypotheses on the origin of modern humans.

Answer 21

multiregional hypothesis
replacement hypothesis

Question 22

posits a single wave of expansion by Homo erectus from Africa to parts of Asia and Europe, and continuity of descent to the present day.

Answer 22

multiregional hypothesis

Question 23

proposes that populations of H. erectus, derived from African ancestors, gave rise to archaic sapiens, but that Asian and European populations of archaic sapiens became extinct when modern sapiens expanded out of Africa in a second wave of colonization.

Answer 23

replacement hypothesis

Question 24

A gene tree of human ancestors is traced by observing the

Answer 24

mitochondrial genomes

Question 25

The rates of immigration of new species and of extinction of resident species are plotted against the number of species all an island at a given time

Answer 25

theory of island biogeography