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EVOC Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the leading cause of death in police officers

A

Car crashes

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2
Q

Are police crashes majority emergency or non emergency situations?

A

Non emergency

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3
Q

How many officers were killed in car crashes between 06-19?

A

800

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4
Q

How many officers were killed in car crashes in 2020?

A

44

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5
Q

What kind of driving attitude must officers have?

A

Low risk, high reward

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6
Q

Drivers triangle

A

Driver vehicle and roadway

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7
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The energy an object possesses by virtue of being in motion

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8
Q

Momentum

A

The combined mass and velocity of an object. The object tends to remain in motion until acted upon by an outside force.

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9
Q

Rolling friction

A

Occurs when a force exerted by one solid surface to another where the two surfaces touch and roll past each other

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10
Q

Sliding friction

A

Is when two objects rub against each other. Sliding friction is always faster than rolling friction.

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11
Q

Weight shift

A

A change in load placed on vehicle wheels/tires while in motion.

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12
Q

Centrifugal force

A

Pulls a moving object outward from the center of rotation

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13
Q

Centripetal force

A

Pulls a moving object inward toward the center of rotation T is inward F is outward

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14
Q

Human error is responsible for blank percent of all vehicle crashes

A

90%

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15
Q

Police crashes peak during the first blank hours of duty shift due to fatigue

A

3 hours

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16
Q

Seating

A

Sit upright
Upper arms rest agains the rib cage with slight bend at elbow

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17
Q

Hand position

A

3 and 9 o’clock

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18
Q

tops

A

Traffic occupant protection systems

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19
Q

Air bags fully inflate in blank seconds at speeds up to blank MPH

A

Half a second, 200 MPH

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20
Q

Vehicle must strike a fixed object at speeds greater than blank MPH for airbags to deploy

A

10 MPH

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21
Q

ESC

A

Electronic stability control

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21
Q

ABS

A

Anti-lock brakesystem

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22
Q

Where is the weight shift during acceleration?

A

Rear

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23
Q

Where is the load shift during braking?

A

Front

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24
Threshold braking
Is used to reduce speed or stop a moving vehicle as quickly as possible with minor steering adjustments. Apply and maintain the maximum amount of pedal pressure without engaging ABS, locking-up wheels or skidding
25
Trail braking
Is done while driving in a straight line to slow vehicle speed just before entering, and while making a turn.
26
Stopping distance
Total number of feet a moving vehicle needs to completely stop
27
Driver decision
Distance vehicle travels between location where driver identifies a hazard and first presses the brake pedal.
28
Vehicle braking
Distance traveled between location where brake pedal is first pressed by driver and vehicle comes to a complete stop.
29
Line
Is the path traveled through a turn
30
Apex
Is the lowest or closest point a motor vehicle reached while inside a turn.
31
Best practice for braking during turns
Trail brake prior to turn so entry speed is less, entering too fast can cause understeer
32
How do you establish the proper line during a turn?
Come in high apex then exit high, never apex until you can see around or out of a turn.
33
How do you minimize lateral weight transfer?
Minimize steering input
34
What should be higher turn entry speed or turn exit speed?
Exit speed
35
What is over steering
Occurs when vehicle rear tires lose traction and skid to the outside of a turn
36
What are the causes of oversteering
Improper air tire pressure Braking too hard into a turn Abruptly releasing accelerator going into a turn Turning too sharp or fast to cause unnecessary lateral weight shift Unnecessary or improper acceleration to overcome rolling friction
37
What is under steering
Occurs when vehicle “plows” straight without turning because front wheels are sliding
38
What are the causes of under steering
Excessive speed Slick road conditions Unnecessary or excessive braking while turning Not turning sharp enough for curve radius
39
Counter-steering
Used to correct a vehicles travel path by turning front wheels in the opposite direction of skid Driver must be prepared to counter steer ahain
40
Constant radius turn
Entry and exit sides share the same radius
41
decreasing radius turn
The most dangerous because entrance radius is larger than exit radius
42
Increasing radius turn
entry radius is smaller than exit radius
43
What turn can create extreme later weight transfer?
S-turns
44
What accounts for 50% of all non emergency crashes?
Backing up
45
SIPDE
Scan Identify Predict Decide Execute
46
Scan sipde
Continuously scan roadway for potential hazards
47
Identify SIPDE
Prompt hazard identification is needed to provide time
48
Predict SIPDE
predictable means preventable for defensive driving
49
Decide SIPDE
Time available to decide is determined how efficient officers are in initial steps
50
Execute
Officers must follow through with their decision and take action
51
Following distance
Ample following distance is needed to take evasive action
52
Normal day driving conditions following distance time
2-3 seconds
53
Normal night driving conditions following distances time
3-4 seconds
54
Rain snow ice time following distance
5-6 seconds
55
Pursuit driving standard
The immediate danger to the public created by the pursuit should be less than the immediate risk to the public should the pursuit not continue
56
Pursuit best practices
1. Initiation 2. Radio communication 3. Patrol cars 4. Warning devices 5. Visual lead time 6. Road positioning 7. Following distance 8. Speed 9. continuation 10. Termination
57
Initation pursuit
The decision to initiate a pursuit must comply with agency policy
58
Radio communications
Immediately communicate decision to pursue and announce critical details
59
Patrol cars pursuits
No more than 2 patrol cars
60
Warning devices pursuit
Keep all patrol car warning devices turn on until pursuit ends
61
Visual lead time pursuit
A minimum of 12 seconds
62
Road positioning pursuit
Adjust position in roadway to maximize visibility
63
Following distance pursuit
Significantly reducing following distance to apply psychological pressure is not effective
64
Speed pursuit
Safe pursuit speeds are determined by existing road conditions
65
Continuation pursuits
Evaluate circumstances and make decisions on whether or not to continue
66
Termination pursuit
Plan ahead and prepare for what may happens when the pursuit ends

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