Evolution

Question 1

The best indicator of an organism’s evolutionary fitness is the number of

Answer 1

offspring it produces that survive to reproductive age

Question 2

group of organisms that includes the descendants of a common ancestor and that ancestor

Answer 2

Clade

Question 3

A characteristic that a particular group of organisms have in common

Answer 3

shared derived character

Question 4

organisms that have the particular trait in question

Answer 4

ingroup

Question 5

the organisms that lack one or more of the shared characters (those not in the ingroup)

Answer 5

outgroup

Question 6

When the carrying capacity is reached, Animals must compete for resources

Answer 6

Competition

Question 7

Created the idea of carrying capacity

Answer 7

Malthus

Question 8

When birth and death rates are equal

Answer 8

Equilibrium

Question 9

When humans select which phenotypes should be bred

Answer 9

artificial selection

Question 10

Similar structure different function

Answer 10

Homologous structures (More recent!)

Question 11

Similar functions different structures

Answer 11

Analogous Structures

Question 12

Structures that no longer have a purpose and can be removed

Answer 12

Vestigial Structures

Question 13

The 3 types of natural selection

Answer 13

Directional, Disruptive, and Stabilizing

Question 14

5 Hardy Weinberg equilibrium principles

Answer 14

1) No mutations
2) No gene flow
3) No natural selection
4) No genetic drift
5) Random mating

Question 15

Allele frequency changes due to a chance event

Answer 15

Genetic drift

Question 16

Dramatic decrease because of a disaster

Answer 16

Bottleneck Effect

Question 17

a couple “founders” start a new group with different alleles

Answer 17

Founders effect

Question 18

members cannot interbreed because of some geographical barrier

Answer 18

Allopatric

Question 19

members cannot interbreed because they have different habits

Answer 19

Sympatric

Question 20

5 patterns of evolution

Answer 20

1) Divergent
2) Convergent
3) Parallel
4) Coevolution
5) Adaptive Radiation

Question 21

2 rated of evolution

Answer 21

1) Gradualism
2) Punctured Equillibrium

Question 22

Type of evolution that occurs when two species become increasingly different

Answer 22

Divergent

Question 23

When natural selection happens slowly over a long period of time

Answer 23

Gradualism

Question 24

The type of evolution when a single species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways

Answer 24

Adaptive radiation

Question 25

The type of evolution that occurs when different species evolve similar adaptations/structures in response to living in the same type of environment

Answer 25

Convergent

Question 26

when natural selection occurs rapidly over a short period followed by periods of little to no change.

Answer 26

Punctuated equilibrium

Question 27

the type of evolution that occurs when a change in one organism leads to a change in the other. Two species evolve together.

Answer 27

Co-Evolution

Question 28

What is the process of evolution

Answer 28

Decent with modification

Question 29

What is the mechanism of evolution

Answer 29

Natural Selection

Question 30

What is the result of evolution

Answer 30

Unity and Diversity

Question 31

Scientist who discovered that things change over time - also thought that evolution occurred through the use/disuse of physical features - which is WRONG

Answer 31

Lamarack

Question 32

Scientist who discovered binomial nomenclature - and that each species has an ideal structure + function that is placed in the ladder of life

Answer 32

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 33

Scientist who discovered carrying capacity and had an influence on natural selection

Answer 33

Malthus

Question 34

Scientist who went to the Galapagos islands and developed the theory of natural selection + origin of species

Answer 34

Charles Darwin

Question 35

Natural selection favors heterozygotes

Answer 35

Balanced polymorphism

Question 36

Balanced polymorphism + sources of variation (mutations, crossing over, reproduction)

Answer 36

Genetic Variation

Question 37

3 key components to natural selection

Answer 37

genetic variation competition adaptation

Question 38

Allele frequency changes depending on which is favorable (grey bunny lab)

Answer 38

Adaptation

Question 39

Ability to positively affect the gene pool - offspring are healthy enough to reproduce

Answer 39

fitness

Question 40

Types of natural selection

Answer 40

Directional, stabilizing, disruptive

Question 41

Evidence of evolution (5)

Answer 41

Fossil records comparative biochemistry comparative embryology comparative anatomy biogeography

Question 42

Changes of a species over time - long term

Answer 42

Macroevolution

Question 43

Changes in gene frequencies within a population often due to a change in environment

Answer 43

Microevolution

Question 44

Causes of microevolution

Answer 44

Natural selection Mutations genetic drift gene flow

Question 45

Movement of alleles between populations (migration)

Answer 45

Gene flow

Question 46

Allele frequencies change due to a chance event

Answer 46

genetic drift

Question 47

dramatic decrease in alleles because of a major disaster

Answer 47

Bottleneck effect

Question 48

When a new population begins only a fraction of the total genetic diversity

Answer 48

Founders Effect

Question 49

Mates with the same phenotype

Answer 49

assortive mating

Question 50

mates are chosen on the basis of appearance

Answer 50

sexual selection

Question 51

all the various alleles at every locus in a population

Answer 51

gene pool

Question 52

Formation of a new species

Answer 52

speciation