Evolution

Question 1

order the time line
Mammals, Simple Eukaryotes, Multicellularity, single celled prokaryotes, prokaryotes that photosyntheisis, flowering plants, animals on land, cambrian explosion

Answer 1

single celled Prokaryotes
proksryottes that photosynthesis
Simple Eukaryotes
Multicellurlarity
cambrian explosion
Animals on land
Mammals
flowering plants

Question 2

fossil

Question 3

types of fossils

Answer 3

preminrslised, molds, casts, trace fossils and mummys

Question 4

preminralised fossil

Answer 4

minral rich water deposits minrals (in) organic matirial

Question 5

Mould fossil

Answer 5

decomposed animal leaves a mould in the rock around it

Question 6

cast fossil

Answer 6

mould get filled with sediment

Question 7

trace fossil

Answer 7

fossil that prove existence but not organism ( eggshells, nests)

Question 8

mummy

Answer 8

soft tissues haven’t decomposed

Question 9

4 conditions of fossilisation

Answer 9

low oxygen, cool temp, protection (rapid burial) and low light

Question 10

raletive dating

Answer 10

fossils that are further from surface are older giving aproximate comparrision

Question 11

Absolute dating

Answer 11

getting an estimate

Question 12

geological time scale

Question 13

index fossil

Answer 13

charecteristics must be
distinct, have large poppulation, found in many areas and only lived short period of time

Question 14

transitional fossils

Answer 14

a fossil that show traits of both an ancestor and a decendent species

Question 16

convergent evolution

Answer 16

Different species independently evolve similar traits due to similar selection pressures

Question 17

divergent evolution

Question 18

Homologous structures

Answer 18

Structures in different species that look or function similarly, suggest they have a common ancestor

Question 21

mutations

Answer 21

happen naturally or due to mutagens

Question 22

point mutation

Answer 22

changes a single nucleotide casing a single amino acid to be wrong

Question 23

silent mutation

Answer 23

nucleotide that was changed coded for the same amino acid

Question 24

insertion

Answer 24

a nucleotide is added casing a frame shift

Question 25

deletion

Answer 25

a nucleotide is removed casing a frame shift

Question 26

Non sense mutation

Answer 26

a stop codon is created casing two polypeptide chains to be made

Question 27

Missens

Answer 27

a faulty protein is made due to mutation

Question 28

Block mutation

Answer 28

effects a large chunk of DNA or a whole gene

Question 29

Deletion

Answer 29

large part of gene is removed

Question 30

Duplication

Answer 30

a section of the gene is made twice

Question 31

Inversion

Answer 31

chunk of DNA put upside down

Question 32

Translocation

Answer 32

part of the left and write chromosome switch

Question 33

Aneuploidy

Answer 33

gain or loss of a single chromosome

Question 34

Polyplodiy

Answer 34

gains an extra chromosome on every position (fatal for living organism)

Question 35

phenotype

Answer 35

physical traits

Question 36

geneotype

Answer 36

the genetic composition

Question 37

condition of natural selection

Answer 37

1. Variation in species 2. Selection pressure 3. Selective advantage 4. heritability

Question 38

heritability

Answer 38

ability to pass on genes

Question 39

Natural selection

Answer 39

creatures with more desirable traits survive and reproduce

Question 40

gene flow

Answer 40

flow of different alleles in and out of a population

Question 41

Immigration

Answer 41

moving into a new population increasing genetic diversity

Question 42

emigration

Answer 42

the movement out of a population decreasing genetic diversity

Question 43

Genetic drift

Answer 43

random event that reduce genetic diversity

Question 44

Bottle neck effect

Answer 44

dramatic decrease in poopulation size due a a random event causing the loss of alleles, reducing genetic diversity

Question 45

Founders effect

Answer 45

a small number of a species colonise a new location but due to the small amount dont have much genetic variation

Question 46

Speciation

Answer 46

formation of a new species

Question 47

Different spieces

Answer 47

cant breed and produce fertile offspring

Question 48

sub species

Question 49

geographical issolation

Answer 49

same species cant get to reach other ( hills or rivers)

Question 50

Temporal

Answer 50

different times of year when species are ready to reproduce

Question 51

Ecological

Answer 51

different nishes so don't interact (water frogs and land frogs)

Question 52

different mating behaviors

Question 53

structual

Answer 53

small dogs cant breed with big dogs

Question 54

gamet mortality

Answer 54

sperm cant penetrate egg

Question 55

zygot morality

Answer 55

fertilisation occurs but the dies

Question 56

hybrid spieces

Answer 56

offspring survives but are infertile

Question 57

Allopatric species

Answer 57

speciation due to geographic barrier

Question 58

galapogus finches

Answer 58

live in different island with different selection pressures...

Question 60

prehensible

Answer 60

can grab stuff

Question 61

Bipedalism

Answer 61

stands on two hind legs for long periods of timA