Evolution

Question 1

Artificial selection

Answer 1

The process of selectively breeding organisms by humans to produce desired traits.

Question 2

Biological fitness

Answer 2

The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its environment, measured by its relative contribution to the gene pool of the next generation.

Question 3

Bottleneck effect

Answer 3

A sharp reduction in the size of a population due to a catastrophic event, leading to a loss of genetic diversity.

Question 4

Exon shuffling

Answer 4

The rearrangement of exons within a gene, potentially creating new protein functions.

Question 5

Founder effect

Answer 5

A type of genetic drift that occurs when a small group of individuals colonizes a new area, leading to a different allele frequency compared to the original population.

Question 6

Gene flow

Answer 6

The transfer of genetic material (alleles) between populations.

Question 7

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Answer 7

A principle stating that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of disturbing factors.

Question 8

Jumping genes

Answer 8

Transposable DNA sequences that can move within the genome.

Question 9

Macroevolution

Answer 9

Large-scale evolutionary changes that occur over long periods, leading to the formation of new species and higher taxonomic groups.

Question 10

Microevolution

Answer 10

Small-scale evolutionary changes within a population, such as changes in allele frequencies.MutationA random change in the DNA sequence.

Question 11

Natural selection

Answer 11

The process by which individuals with traits better suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully, leading to the evolution of populations.

Question 12

Reproductive isolation

Answer 12

Mechanisms that prevent individuals of different species from interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

Question 13

Reproductive isolation

Answer 13

Mechanisms that prevent individuals of different species from interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

Question 14

Sexual selection

Answer 14

A form of natural selection where traits that increase mating success are favored.SpeciationThe process by which new species arise from existing species.

Question 15

Species

Answer 15

A group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

Question 16

Sympatric speciation

Answer 16

The formation of new species within the same geographic area, often through disruptive selection or polyploidy.