Terms Flashcards
(19 cards)
Allele
Different versions of a gene.
Chromosome
A structure carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
The theory that genes are located on chromosomes and that chromosome behavior during meiosis explains inheritance patterns.
Crossing Over:
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
Deletion:
A chromosomal mutation where a segment of the chromosome is lost.
Duplication:
A chromosomal mutation where a segment of the chromosome is repeated.
Gene:
A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
Homologous Chromosomes:
A pair of chromosomes one from each parent
Inversion:
A chromosomal mutation where a segment of the chromosome is reversed.
Linked Genes:
Genes located close together on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together.
Monosomy:
Having only one copy of a particular chromosome.
Nondisjunction:
Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis.
Phenotype:
The observable characteristics of an organism.
Polyploidy:
Having more than two complete sets of chromosomes.
Recombination Frequency:
The frequency with which crossing over occurs between two linked genes.
Sex-Linked Genes:
Genes located on the sex chromosomes.
Sister Chromatids:
Two identical copies of a replicated chromosome.
Translocation:
A chromosomal mutation where a segment of one chromosome is moved to a non-homologous chromosome.
Trisomy:
Having three copies of a particular chromosome.
