evolution

Question 1

charles lyell

Answer 1

principles of uniformitarism: geological processes operated at the same rate in the past as they do today, (increasing rn)

Question 2

george’s cuvier

Answer 2

catastrophism: had to be a natural disaster that killed organism in an area,explains why fossils are different in layers of the earth bc another species came and repopulated it; organisms change without natural disasters occurring

Question 3

jean baptisye

Answer 3

inheritance of acquired traits: a parent acquired a trait over their lifetime, immediately shown in next gen; pass over genetic info from egg and sperm

Question 4

thomas malthus

Answer 4

population and carrying capacity: pop. produced far more offspring than their environments can support

Question 5

charles darwin

Answer 5

natural selection: fittest of the environemnt, traits that survive are passed down, process of genetic change in population

Question 6

stephen jay and nile’s elderedge

Answer 6

punctuated equilibrium: views evolution as long periods of stasis that are disturbed by periods of divergence; evolution doesn’t always occur rapidly

Question 7

stabilizing selection

Answer 7

selecting against both extremes For: moderate traits Against: both extremes

Question 8

directional selection

Answer 8

favours one extreme For: one extreme Against: the other

Question 9

disruptive selection

Answer 9

selecying againts the mean For: both extremes Against: moderate traits

Question 10

vestigial structures

Answer 10

structures that have lost their function but exist because they had a function in a common ancestor

Question 11

genetype

Answer 11

genetic code: Pp pp

Question 12

phenotype

Answer 12

describing trait with a word pink hair

Question 13

micro evolution:

Answer 13

change in allele frequency over time

Question 14

mechanisms of micro evolution: mutations

Answer 14

random intro of new aloe into population

Question 15

mechanisms of micro evolution: gene flow

Answer 15

movement between populations

Question 16

mechanisms of micro evolution: sexual selection

Answer 16

individual chooses who they want to mate with based off of characteristics

Question 17

mechanisms of micro evolution: genetic drift

Answer 17

change in allele frequency by chance

Question 18

founder effect

Answer 18

example of genetic drift, few organisms moving from one population and started their own in an isolated area

Question 19

bottleneck effect

Answer 19

rapid decrease in population due to natural disasters, disease, humans

Question 20

artificial selection

Answer 20

intentional reproduction of individuals with desired traits

Question 21

speciation

Answer 21

process where new species are created from existing ones, occurs through reproduction isolation no gene flow between populations

Question 22

allopatric speciation

Answer 22

population is split in 2 due to geographical barrier, causing one half to develop different

Question 23

sympatric speciation

Answer 23

live within same region, mutation or problems with cell division, isolation within a population

Question 24

macro evolution

Answer 24

larger changes that result from micro evolution examines changes caused at species level and beyond

Question 25

prezygotic: temporal

Answer 25

Members of a population may and reproduce at different time than the rest

Question 26

pre-zygotic: behavioural

Answer 26

Members of the population have different mating, songs, and dances

Question 27

pre-zygotic: geographical

Answer 27

Part of population is separated by distance, water, mountain natural disaster

Question 28

reproductive isolation

Answer 28

lead to parts of a population that cannot mate with others they become so different that cannot produce fertile offspring with original population

Question 29

post-zygotic: hybrid breakdown

Answer 29

first GEN may be fertile, successive GEN will be weak or die early

Question 30

post-zygotic: hybrid inaviability

Answer 30

Hybrid is not born

Question 31

post-zygotic: hybrid infertility

Answer 31

Hybrid is born but infertile

Question 32

pathways of evolution: convergent evolution

Answer 32

Different species developed similar traits due to similar environments and conditions no common ancestor

Question 33

pathways of evolution: divergent

Answer 33

Shared common ancestor are different due to different environmental conditions

Question 34

pathways of evolution: coevolution

Answer 34

two species impact each other‘s evolution in close interaction