evolution

Question 1

what is variation?

Answer 1

differences in characteristics of individuals in a population

Question 2

what are some causes of variation? (3)

Answer 2

inherited genes
environment
combination of genes

Question 3

what is mutation?

Answer 3

random change in DNA

Question 4

what is evolution?

Answer 4

a change in characteristics of a species over a long period of time

Question 5

what is the theory it evolution?

Answer 5

all species of living things have evolved from simple life forms

Question 6

what is selective breeding?

Answer 6

when humans breed plants and animals for particular genetic characteristics

Question 7

how does evolution occur?

Answer 7

when there is variation in a species the organisms with phenotypes best suited for the environment live longer and breed and pass on advantageous alleles to offspring

Question 8

what are examples of selective breeding? (3)

Answer 8

disease resistance in crops
animals producing more meat or milk
large flowers

Question 9

what is inbreeding?

Answer 9

when closely related organisms are bred together, this leads to increased chance of disease and inherited defects

Question 10

what is genetic engineering?

Answer 10

a process that involves modifying the genome of an organism by introducing a gene from another organism to give a desired characteristic

Question 11

what are uses of genetic engineering in plant crops? (2)

Answer 11

make them resistant to disease
make them produce bigger fruits

Question 12

what is an example of genetic engineering in bacteria?

Answer 12

to make bacteria produce human insulin to treat diabetes

Question 13

what is a GM crop?

Answer 13

it is genetically modified and has had genes transferred into it from other organisms

Question 14

what are examples of GM crops? (2)

Answer 14

crops resistant to herbicides
crops resistant to insect attack

Question 15

what are some concerns of GM crops? (2)

Answer 15

they may not be healthy to humans
effect on population of wild flowers and insects

Question 16

what is the focus of modern medical research on genetic modification?

Answer 16

using it to overcome inherited disorders

Question 17

what is tissue culture?

Answer 17

using small groups of cells from part of a plant to grow identical new plants

Question 18

why is tissue culture important?

Answer 18

it is used for preserving rare plant species and used commercially in nurseries to grow large numbers of plants

Question 19

how do you take cuttings from a plant? (3)

Answer 19

remove growing shoot
place in compost
keep damp

Question 20

why do gardeners take cuttings? (3)

Answer 20

quick
simple
cheap

Question 21

what are the uses of embryo transplants? (2)

Answer 21

to produce more than one offspring from valuable animals
to produce more than one offspring from endangered species

Question 22

who proposed the theory of evolution?

Answer 22

charles darwin

Question 23

what is the evidence charles darwin had before he proposed the theory of evolution? (3)

Answer 23

observations from expedition
data from experiments
discussions from other scientists

Question 24

what is the name of the book published by charles darwin?

Answer 24

the origin of species

Question 25

why was the theory of evolution only gradually accepted? (2)

Answer 25

challenged the idea that God made living things insufficient evidence

Question 26

what is the theory of jean-baptiste lamark?

Answer 26

changes that occur in an organisms lifetime and can be inherited

Question 27

who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection independently of Darwin?

Answer 27

alfred russel wallace

Question 28

what was alfred russel wallace's contribution to the theory of evolution?

Answer 28

he published joint writings with darwin which prompted darwin to publish the origin of species the following year

Question 29

what is the work of alfred russel wallace?

Answer 29

he worked worldwide gathering evidence and he is best known for his work on warning colouration in animals and his theory of speciation

Question 30

what is agriculture?

Answer 30

plant farming

Question 31

what is a gene pool?

Answer 31

the number of different alleles in a population

Question 32

why does selective breeding reduce the gene pool?

Answer 32

all individuals with desired characteristics are bred together

Question 33

what are some problems with inbreeding? (2)

Answer 33

health problems less chance of resistance to new diseases

Question 34

what are benefits of cloning? (2)

Answer 34

helps preserve endangered species good in farming for high quality crops

Question 35

what are disadvantages of cloning? (3)

Answer 35

cloned animals not as healthy reduces gene pool less resistance to new diseases

Question 36

what are causes of extinction? (4)

Answer 36

change in environment new predator kills animals new disease catastrophic event (volcanic eruption)

Question 37

what is speciation?

Answer 37

evolution of new species from an original species

Question 38

what are some problems with evidence from fossils? (2)

Answer 38

many early life forms were soft bodied so leave no trace traces destroyed by geological activity

Question 39

what are some conditions that stop decay? (3)

Answer 39

low temperatures low moisture low oxygen

Question 40

what are the domains of the classification system? (3)

Answer 40

archea bacteria eukaryota

Question 41

who were the domains discovered by?

Answer 41

carl woese

Question 42

who was the classification system discovered by?

Answer 42

lineal